Evolutionary theory predicts that social status and fertility will be positively related. It also predicts that the relationship between status and fertility will differ for men and women. This is particularly likely in modern societies given evidence that females face greater trade-offs between status and resource acquisition and fertility than males. This paper tests these hypotheses using newly released data from the 2014 wave of the Survey of Income and Program Participation by the US Census, which has the first complete measures of fertility and number of childbearing partners for a large, representative, national probability sample of men and women and also contains comprehensive measures of economic status as measured by personal and family resources, including income from all sources and all assets. Multivariate analyses show that personal income is positively associated with total fertility and number of childbearing unions for men only. For men, personal net worth is positively associated with number of childbearing unions; it is also positively associated with fertility for married men with a spouse present. These findings support evolutionary predictions of a positive relationship between status, access to mates, and reproductive success for males. Whereas personal income and personal net worth are negatively associated with total fertility and number of childbearing unions for women, family income (net of personal income) is positively associated with total fertility for women. For married men living with a spouse, family income (net of personal income) is negatively associated with total fertility. These findings are consistent with evolutionary theory given the existence of greater trade-offs between production and reproduction for women in an advanced industrial society. For women and men, family net worth (net of personal net worth) is negatively associated with number of childbearing unions and fertility. Implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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美国家庭和个人收入与财富与生育协会的性别差异

进化论预测社会地位和生育率将成正相关。它还预测，男女地位和生育率之间的关系将有所不同。有证据表明，与男性相比，女性在身份，资源获取和生育之间面临更大的权衡取舍，这在现代社会中尤为可能。本文使用2014年美国人口普查收入和计划参与调查浪潮中新发布的数据检验了这些假设，该数据首次针对完整的，具有代表性的，全国性的男性概率样本进行了生育率和生育伴侣数量的首次完整测量。妇女和妇女，还包括根据个人和家庭资源（包括来自所有来源和所有资产的收入）衡量的经济地位的综合指标。多变量分析表明，个人收入仅与男性的总生育率和生育工会的数量呈正相关。对于男性而言，个人净资产与育龄工会的数量成正相关；对于有配偶的已婚男性，它也与生育能力成正相关。这些发现支持进化预测男性的地位，获得伴侣的机会和生殖成功之间的正相关关系。个人收入和个人净资产与总生育率和妇女生育工会的数量呈负相关，而家庭收入（扣除个人收入）与妇女的总生育率呈正相关。对于与配偶同住的已婚男子，家庭收入（扣除个人收入）与总生育率负相关。考虑到先进工业社会中妇女在生产和再生产之间存在更大的权衡关系，这些发现与进化论一致。对于男女而言，家庭净资产（净个人净资产）与生育工会的数目和生育率呈负相关。讨论了含义。