Few studies have used longitudinal data to investigate drug-related recidivism among drug users in Asia. This study examined demographic and background characteristics that predicted drug-related recidivism among paroled amphetamine-type stimulant (ATS) users in Japan who participated in a mandatory educational program throughout their parole period conducted by professional and volunteer probation officers. Analyzing data released in 2017 by the Ministry of Justice in Japan, we reviewed 10-year recidivism rates of 1807 individuals placed on parole in 2003 (1561 men and 246 women, mean age = 37.5 [ SD = 9.8]). We investigated the possible association between the length of parole and drug-related recidivism in Japan based on the continuing care model for individuals with drug addiction, which has not been previously explored. The results showed a 47.5% drug-related recidivism rate for all participants. Younger age, a higher number of previous prison sentences, a longer prison sentence, shorter parole, and a diagnosis of mental disorders were significantly associated with a higher drug-related recidivism rate. The presence of a higher number of previous prison sentences and a longer prison sentence were risk factors for drug-related recidivism, which suggests that incarcerating ATS users is ineffective for reducing drug-related recidivism. These results indicated a possible application of the continuing care model for assisting ATS users in Japan with further research.

中文翻译：

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日本假释安非他明类兴奋剂使用者中与毒品有关的再犯相关因素

很少有研究使用纵向数据来调查亚洲吸毒者中与毒品有关的再犯。本研究调查了在日本假释的苯丙胺类兴奋剂 (ATS) 使用者中预测与毒品有关的累犯的人口统计和背景特征，这些使用者在整个假释期间参加了由专业和志愿缓刑官进行的强制性教育计划。通过分析日本法务省 2017 年发布的数据，我们回顾了 2003 年 1807 名假释人员的 10 年再犯率（1561 名男性和 246 名女性，平均年龄 = 37.5 [SD = 9.8]）。我们基于对吸毒成瘾者的持续护理模式调查了假释期限与日本毒品相关再犯之间可能存在的关联，这在以前从未被探索过。结果显示，所有参与者的药物相关再犯率为 47.5%。年龄越小、以前服刑次数越多、服刑时间越长、假释时间越短以及被诊断为精神障碍，都与较高的毒品相关再犯率显着相关。先前服刑次数较多和刑期较长是与毒品有关的再犯的危险因素，这表明监禁 ATS 使用者对减少与毒品有关的再犯无效。这些结果表明持续护理模式可用于协助日本 ATS 用户进行进一步研究。精神障碍的诊断与较高的药物相关再犯率显着相关。先前服刑次数较多和刑期较长是与毒品有关的再犯的危险因素，这表明监禁 ATS 使用者对减少与毒品有关的再犯无效。这些结果表明持续护理模式可用于协助日本 ATS 用户进行进一步研究。精神障碍的诊断与较高的药物相关再犯率显着相关。先前服刑次数较多和刑期较长是与毒品有关的再犯的危险因素，这表明监禁 ATS 使用者对减少与毒品有关的再犯无效。这些结果表明持续护理模式可用于协助日本 ATS 用户进行进一步研究。