Rice ( Oryza sativa ) is both a vital source of food and a key model cereal for genomic research. Insect pests are major factors constraining rice production. Here, we provide an overview of recent progress in functional genomics research and the genetic improvements of insect resistance in rice. To date, many insect resistance genes have been identified in rice, and 14 such genes have been cloned via a map-based cloning approach. The proteins encoded by these genes perceive the effectors of insect and activate the defense pathways, including the expression of defense-related genes, including mitogen-activated protein kinase, plant hormone, and transcription factors; and defense mechanism against insects, including callose deposition, trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TryPIs), secondary metabolites, and green leaf volatiles (GLVs). These ongoing functional genomic studies provide insights into the molecular basis of rice–insect interactions and facilitate the development of novel insect-resistant rice varieties, improving long-term control of insect pests in this crucial crop.

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对水稻抗虫性的基因组，遗传和分子控制的最新了解

水稻（ 水稻 ）既是食物的重要来源，也是基因组研究的关键模型谷物。害虫是限制稻米生产的主要因素。在这里，我们概述了功能基因组学研究的最新进展以及水稻抗虫性的遗传改良。迄今为止，已经在水稻中鉴定出许多昆虫抗性基因，并且已经通过基于图的克隆方法克隆了14个这样的基因。这些基因编码的蛋白质感知昆虫的效应子并激活防御途径，包括防御相关基因的表达，包括丝裂原激活的蛋白激酶，植物激素和转录因子。对昆虫的防御机制，包括，沉积，胰蛋白酶抑制剂（TryPIs），次生代谢产物和绿叶挥发物（GLV）。