This article focuses on a psychological phenomenon discussed by the early Confucian: yuan 怨, which is often translated as “resentment”, “grievance”, “lament”, or “complaint”. I attempt to use the early Confucian discussions of yuan to shed light on an aspect of human psychology, namely, when one laments about certain conditions that obtain in such a way that she sees as beyond her control and negatively affects her. This is an unusual reactive attitude because one who has yuan takes the “passive stance.” This paper has four main sections: the first section makes textual observations of “yuan” in the early Confucian texts; the second section proposes a Confucian-inspired account of yuan and highlights the psychological state in which one who has yuan sees oneself as object; the third section discusses the problematic dimensions of yuan; the final section discusses the negative implications of the passive stance with respect to contemporary concerns: vulnerability, moral repair, and self-respect.

中文翻译：

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早期儒家忧元（怨）

本文重点讨论早期儒家讨论的一种心理现象：元怨，常译为“怨”、“怨”、“哀”、“怨”。我试图用早期儒家关于元的讨论来阐明人类心理的一个方面，即当人们哀叹某些条件以某种方式获得时，她认为无法控制并对她产生负面影响。这是一种不寻常的反应态度，因为持有人民币的人采取“被动立场”。本文主要分为四个部分：第一部分对早期儒家文本中“元”的考证；第二部分提出儒家对元的论述，突出了有元者以自己为客体的心理状态；第三部分讨论了元的问题维度；