Prison leave was introduced into the Finnish legal system in 1971, with the aim to reduce negative effects of institutionalization and disadvantages caused by the length of the prison sentence. After the total reform of prison legislation in 2006, the role of the prison leave has become even more central; the number of prisoners has decreased, but the amount of prison leave has increased. Historically, the length of the sentence has been the most common ground for prison leave. A prisoner can be granted a prison leave when two thirds of the prison term has been served, for example, after 2 years if the length of the total sentence served in prison is 3 years. However, during the past 10 years, prison leave based on an important reason has grown into the most common type of prison leave. This indicates a structural change from the rigid legal rules to a more flexible practice. In 2018, there were about 17,000 prison leave applications, and over 13,000 of those were granted, i.e. 79%. The conditions were breached 466 times, which is 3.5% of all prison leaves. The most common breaches of prison leave conditions were returning from a prison leave after the set time limit or under the influence of alcohol or drugs. The majority of prison leave applications are decided in the prisons. On the other hand, for example, the decision on the prison leave of a life-sentenced prisoner is made by the Criminal Sanctions Agency. There have been significant differences in the probability of granting prison leave, which are emphasized especially in the practices of closed prisons. Among those prisoners who serve longer than 1 year in prison, the application rate of prison leave rises over 90%. For the sentences under 3 months, it is less than 20%.

中文翻译：

---

芬兰的监狱假：既定做法的法律和实证基础

芬兰法律制度于 1971 年引入了监狱假，旨在减少监禁的负面影响和因刑期长而造成的不利影响。2006年监狱立法全面改革后，监狱假的作用变得更加重要；囚犯人数减少了，但监狱假的数量增加了。从历史上看，刑期的长度一直是监狱休假的最常见理由。囚犯服完三分之二的刑期后，例如，如果服刑的总刑期为 3 年，则可以在 2 年后获得监狱假。然而，在过去的10年里，基于重要原因的监狱假已经成长为最常见的监狱假类型。这表明从严格的法律规则到更灵活的实践的结构性转变。2018 年，大约有 17,000 份监狱假申请，其中超过 13,000 份获得批准，即 79%。违反条件的次数为 466 次，占所有监狱休假的 3.5%。最常见的违反监狱假条件的行为是在规定的时间限制后或在酒精或毒品的影响下从监狱假回来。大多数监狱假申请是在监狱中决定的。另一方面，例如，终身监禁囚犯的服刑决定是由刑事制裁局做出的。准予监狱假的可能性存在显着差异，这在封闭监狱的做法中尤为突出。在服刑超过 1 年的囚犯中，监狱休假申请率提高90%以上。3个月以下的刑期，低于20%。