An integrated geophysical survey was carried out in Igbo Oritaa, a suburb of Iwo town (southwest Nigeria). The study was part of an archaeological investigation initiated by the Iwo community to identify and preserve the town’s ancient sites. The geophysical investigations involved ground magnetic profiling, 1D vertical electrical sounding (VES), and 2D electrical resistivity imaging. The magnetic survey revealed anomalies of dyke-like features (central magnetic low [negative] flanked by low amplitude positive shoulders), linear depressions with prominent negative amplitude magnetic lows, and a moderately high amplitude magnetic anomaly coinciding with an old trench and several anthropogenic mounds. The resistivity survey also indicates the presence of subsurface archaeological features, including ditches and walls. Excavation units were selected based on these geophysical attributes. The excavations uncovered dense deposits of potsherds, animal bones, shells, beads, iron slag fragments, a human premolar, metallic objects, a flute, and an architectural feature, possibly the foundation of a house. The geophysical survey and the test excavations confirm that Igbo Oritaa was an ancient settlement, consistent with the oral traditions. This paper presents the geophysical methods and results, the relationships between geophysical prospecting and test excavations, as well as the implications for community-focused archaeological research design, and site interpretation and preservation.

中文翻译：

---

尼日利亚西南部 Igbo Oritaa (Iwo) 的地球物理和考古调查

在硫磺镇（尼日利亚西南部）郊区的 Igbo Oritaa 进行了综合地球物理调查。该研究是硫磺社区发起的考古调查的一部分，旨在识别和保护该镇的古代遗址。地球物理调查包括地磁剖面、一维垂直电测深 (VES) 和二维电阻率成像。磁力勘测揭示了堤状特征异常（中央磁低[负]两侧为低振幅正肩），线性凹陷具有显着的负振幅磁低，以及与旧海沟和几个人为土墩重合的中等高振幅磁异常. 电阻率调查还表明存在地下考古特征，包括沟渠和墙壁。根据这些地球物理属性选择开挖单元。挖掘过程中发现了陶片、动物骨头、贝壳、珠子、铁渣碎片、人类前臼齿、金属物体、长笛和建筑特征（可能是房屋的地基）的密集沉积物。地球物理调查和测试挖掘证实，伊博奥里塔是一个古老的聚居地，与口述传统一致。本文介绍了地球物理方法和结果、地球物理勘探与试验挖掘之间的关系，以及对以社区为中心的考古研究设计、遗址解释和保护的影响。长笛和建筑特征，可能是房屋的基础。地球物理调查和测试挖掘证实，伊博奥里塔是一个古老的聚居地，与口述传统一致。本文介绍了地球物理方法和结果、地球物理勘探与试验挖掘之间的关系，以及对以社区为中心的考古研究设计、遗址解释和保护的影响。长笛和建筑特征，可能是房屋的基础。地球物理调查和测试挖掘证实，伊博奥里塔是一个古老的聚居地，与口述传统一致。本文介绍了地球物理方法和结果、地球物理勘探与试验挖掘之间的关系，以及对以社区为中心的考古研究设计、遗址解释和保护的影响。