Based on estimation of the gravity equation, this article aims to scrutinise the trade effects emanating from the economic integration of the European Union (EU) by focusing on the trade diversion and trade creation effects of the fifth EU enlargement on 12 groups of agricultural and food products. This paper analyses the changes due to the EU’s enlargement of trade patterns in the agricultural and food sectors among the EU member states and between EU and non-EU countries as well as the effects of the enlargement on exports of agricultural and food products from selected Asian countries to the EU market. Our analysis shows no decline in exports from EU to non-EU countries. Trade creation effects are significantly high for 4 product groups: seafood, woody plants, beverages and tobacco, and animal and vegetable materials. However, trade diversion effects are found in animal and vegetable oils and textile fibres. Moreover, the economic integration has had no significant effect on exports from Asian countries, namely agricultural and food products. The data of 38 countries cover the period 1999–2015.

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贸易创造和转移：欧盟扩大对农产品和食品以及选定亚洲国家的影响

基于引力方程的估计，本文旨在通过关注欧盟第五次扩大对 12 类农产品和食品类的贸易转移和贸易创造效应，审视欧盟（EU）经济一体化所产生的贸易效应。产品。本文分析了欧盟扩大欧盟成员国之间以及欧盟与非欧盟国家之间农业和食品部门贸易格局的变化，以及扩大对部分亚洲农产品和食品出口的影响。国家进入欧盟市场。我们的分析表明，欧盟对非欧盟国家的出口没有下降。4类产品的贸易创造效应显着提高：海鲜、木本植物、饮料和烟草以及动植物材料。然而，在动植物油和纺织纤维中发现了贸易转移效应。此外，经济一体化对亚洲国家的农产品和食品出口没有显着影响。38 个国家的数据涵盖 1999-2015 年期间。