Experimental evidence has demonstrated the potential of transient pulses of electric fields to alter mammalian cell phenotypes. Strategies with these pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have been developed for clinical applications in cancer therapeutics, in-vivo decellularization, and tissue regeneration. Successful implementation of these strategies involves understanding how PEFs impact the cellular structures and, hence, cell behavior. The caveat, however, is that the PEF parameter space comprised of different pulse widths, amplitudes, and the number of pulses is very large, and design of experiments to explore all possible combinations of PEF parameters is prohibitive from a cost and time standpoint. In this study, a scaling law based on the Ising model is introduced to understand the impact of PEFs on the outer cell lipid membrane so that an understanding developed in one PEF pulse regime may be extended to another. Experimental study is used to argue for the scaling model. Next, the validity of this scaling model to predict the behavior of both thermally quenched and electrically perturbed lipid membranes is demonstrated via computational predictions made by the steepest entropy-ascent quantum thermodynamic (SEAQT) framework. Based on the simulation results, a form of scaled PEF parameters is thus proposed for lipid membrane.

中文翻译：

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电扰动脂质膜的热力学定律：用最陡的熵上升框架进行验证

实验证据表明，电场瞬变脉冲可能会改变哺乳动物细胞的表型。已开发出具有这些脉冲电场（PEF）的策略，以用于癌症治疗，体内脱细胞和组织再生的临床应用。这些策略的成功实施包括了解PEF如何影响细胞结构，进而影响细胞行为。然而，需要注意的是，由不同的脉冲宽度，幅度和脉冲数组成的PEF参数空间非常大，从成本和时间的角度来看，探索PEF参数的所有可能组合的实验设计是禁止的。在这个研究中，引入了基于Ising模型的缩放定律，以了解PEF对外部细胞脂质膜的影响，从而可以将在一种PEF脉冲方案中形成的理解扩展到另一种。实验研究用于论证比例模型。接下来，通过最陡的熵上升量子热力学（SEAQT）框架进行的计算预测，证明了该缩放模型预测热淬灭和电扰动脂质膜行为的有效性。基于仿真结果，提出了一种针对脂质膜的比例缩放的PEF参数形式。通过最陡的熵上升量子热力学（SEAQT）框架进行的计算预测，证明了该缩放模型预测热淬灭和电扰动脂质膜行为的有效性。基于仿真结果，提出了一种针对脂质膜的比例缩放的PEF参数形式。通过最陡的熵上升量子热力学（SEAQT）框架进行的计算预测，证明了该缩放模型预测热淬灭和电扰动脂质膜行为的有效性。基于仿真结果，提出了一种针对脂质膜的比例缩放的PEF参数形式。