B cell analysis in SARS‐CoV‐2 versus malaria: Increased frequencies of plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells in COVID‐19,Journal of Leukocyte Biology

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B cell analysis in SARS‐CoV‐2 versus malaria: Increased frequencies of plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells in COVID‐19
Journal of Leukocyte Biology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 , DOI: 10.1002/jlb.5cova0620-370rr
Nils H Wildner ₁ , Parimah Ahmadi ₁ , Sophia Schulte ₁ , Franziska Brauneck ₂ , Matin Kohsar ₁ , Marc Lütgehetmann ₃ , Claudia Beisel _{1,

4} , Marylyn M Addo _{1,

4} , Friedrich Haag ₅ , Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch _{1,

4}

Affiliation

B cells play a central role in antiviral and antiparasitic immunity, not only as producers of antibodies, but also as APCs and mediators of inflammation. In this study, we used 16‐color flow cytometry analysis to investigate the frequency, differentiation, and activation status of peripheral B cells of patients with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection or acute Plasmodium falciparum malaria compared with the healthy individuals. As a main result, we observed an increase of the frequency of (CD27^–, CD21^–) atypical memory B cells and (CD19⁺, CD27⁺, CD38⁺) plasmablasts in malaria and COVID‐19 patients. Additionally, CD86, PD‐1, CXCR3, and CD39 expression was up‐regulated, whereas CD73 was down‐regulated on plasmablasts of COVID‐19 and malaria patients compared with the bulk B cell population. In particular, there was a more pronounced loss of CD73⁺ B cells in malaria. The frequency of plasmablasts positively correlated with serum levels of CRP, IL‐6, and LDH of COVID‐19 patients. In the longitudinal course of COVID‐19, a rapid normalization of the frequency of atypical memory B cells was observed. The role and function of plasmablasts and atypical memory B cells in COVID‐19 and other acute infections remain to be further investigated. The role of B cells as either “driver or passenger” of hyperinflammation during COVID‐19 needs to be clarified.

中文翻译：

SARS-CoV-2 与疟疾的 B 细胞分析：COVID-19 中浆母细胞和非典型记忆 B 细胞的频率增加

B 细胞在抗病毒和抗寄生虫免疫中起着核心作用，不仅作为抗体的生产者，而且作为 APC 和炎症介质。在这项研究中，我们使用 16 色流式细胞术分析来研究与健康个体相比，SARS-CoV-2 感染或急性恶性疟原虫疟疾患者外周 B 细胞的频率、分化和活化状态。作为主要结果，我们观察到 (CD27 ^– , CD21 ^– ) 非典型记忆 B 细胞和 (CD19 ⁺ , CD27 ⁺ , CD38 ⁺) 疟疾和 COVID-19 患者的浆母细胞。此外，与大量 B 细胞群相比，CD86、PD-1、CXCR3 和 CD39 的表达上调，而 CD73 在 COVID-19 和疟疾患者的浆母细胞上下调。特别是，疟疾中CD73 ⁺ B 细胞的损失更为明显。浆母细胞的频率与 COVID-19 患者的血清 CRP、IL-6 和 LDH 水平呈正相关。在 COVID-19 的纵向过程中，观察到非典型记忆 B 细胞频率的快速正常化。浆母细胞和非典型记忆 B 细胞在 COVID-19 和其他急性感染中的作用和功能仍有待进一步研究。需要澄清 B 细胞在 COVID-19 期间作为过度炎症的“驱动程序或乘客”的作用。

更新日期：2020-12-23

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