Lusaka, Zambia, is a rapidly growing city located on a vulnerable karstic dolomite aquifer that provides most of the city's drinking water. Over 65% of residents live in peri‐urban communities with inadequate sanitation leading to widespread groundwater contamination and the spread of waterborne diseases such as cholera. To fill the water service gap, Water Trusts were created: public/private partnerships designed to provide clean water to peri‐urban community residents. Water Trusts extract groundwater via boreholes, treat it with chlorine, and distribute it to residents via public kiosks. We investigated the efficacy of drinking water provision to residents in six of Lusaka's peri‐urban communities with Water Trusts. Water samples were collected from Water Trust boreholes and kiosks, privately owned boreholes, and shallow wells during four sampling efforts. To assess potential risk to human health, water samples were analyzed for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and nitrate. Shallow wells were significantly more contaminated with E. coli than Water Trust boreholes, kiosks, and private boreholes (Tukey‐adjusted p values of 9.9 × 10⁻⁶). Shallow wells and private boreholes had significantly higher nitrate‐N concentrations (mean of 29.6 mg/L) than the Water Trust boreholes and kiosks (mean of 8.8 mg/L) (p value = 1.1 × 10⁻⁴). In 2016, a questionnaire was distributed to Water Trust managers to assess their ability to meet demands. In the six communities studied, Water Trusts served only about 60% of their residents. Water Trusts provide a much safer alternative to shallow wells with respect to nitrate and E. coli, but they struggle to keep pace with growing demand.

中文翻译：

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赞比亚卢萨卡的六个低收入周边城市社区的饮用水水质和供水

赞比亚卢萨卡是一个快速发展的城市，位于易受灾的岩溶白云岩含水层上，可提供该市大部分饮用水。超过65％的居民生活在城市周边社区，卫生条件不足，导致广泛的地下水污染和霍乱等水传播疾病的蔓延。为了填补供水服务方面的空白，创建了水基金会：公共/私人合作伙伴关系，旨在为郊区社区居民提供清洁水。水资源信托基金会通过钻孔提取地下水，用氯进行处理，然后通过公共亭将其分配给居民。我们通过水资源信托基金（Water Trust）调查了卢萨卡（Lusaka）六个郊区社区居民的饮用水供应效果。水样本是从Water Trust钻孔和自助服务亭，私人钻孔，四次取样工作中的浅井。为了评估对人类健康的潜在风险，对水样进行了分析大肠杆菌（E. coli）和硝酸盐。浅井比沃特信托公司的钻孔，小亭和私人钻孔受到的大肠杆菌污染要大得多（Tukey调整后的p值为9.9×10 ^-6）。浅井和私人井眼的硝酸盐-N浓度（平均值为29.6 mg / L）要比沃特信托基金会井眼和信息亭的平均值（8.8 mg / L）高（p值= 1.1×10 ^-4）。2016年，向水信托公司的经理们分发了一份调查问卷，以评估他们满足需求的能力。在所研究的六个社区中，水信托基金会仅为约60％的居民提供服务。就硝酸盐和硝酸盐而言，Water Trusts为浅井提供了更安全的替代方法大肠杆菌，但他们努力跟上不断增长的需求。