Blockchain technologies make agreement among untrusted parties possible, without the need for certification authorities. Proposed frameworks have been put forward in sector as diverse as finance, health care, notary, intellectual property management, identity, provenance, international cooperation, social good, and security to cite but a few. Smart contracts, that is, self-enforcing agreements in terms of executable software running on blockchains, have been developed in several contexts. Such an under-definition computational model introduces innovative aspects, such as the economics and trust of the decentralized computation relying on the shared contribution of peers and their decentralized consensus. Following the first edition of the International Workshop on Future Perspectives of Decentralized APPlications, FPDAPP (held in conjunctions to EURO-PAR conference), this special issue primarily carries new results from revised and substantially extended versions of papers presented at the workshop. Moreover, this volume contains new contributions that rigorously explore and evaluate the potentiality of novel decentralized frameworks and applications. After a thorough peer-reviewing process focused on quality, innovative contribution, applicability to real-world scenarios, we have selected six manuscripts for publication. The paper “Analysis of multi-input multi-output transactions in the Bitcoin network” proposes an exploratory analysis on the Bitcoin network focused on mixing-like behaviors based on multi-input/output transactions. The article “Trusted systems of records based on Blockchain technology a prototype for mileage storing in the automotive industry” proposes a blockchain-based trusted system of records to address the problem of asymmetric information on the used car market as described by Nobel laureate Akerlof. The paper “Blockchain applications beyond the cryptocurrency casino: The Punishment not Reward blockchain architecture” proposes an interesting punishment mechanism system as alternative to classical reward strategies for blockchain maintenance. The paper “Implementation and evaluation of smart contracts using a hybrid onand off-blockchain architecture” introduces a novel hybrid architecture for the implementation of smart contracts, based on a centralized monitoring smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain. The paper “Design and practical implementation of verify-your-vote protocol” is focused on the highly debated and challenging problem of electronic voting. It proposes a verifiable blockchain-based online voting protocol that ensures security by using a variety of cryptographic primitives. Finally, the paper “Ensuring transparency and traceability of food local products: A blockchain application to a Smart Tourism Region” proposes a blockchain-oriented platform to guarantee the origin and provenance of food items in a Smart Tourism Region context where local food and beverage can become a good combination to attract tourist and to promote the area thanks to their clearly certified provenance. As guest editors, we would like to express our appreciation for the impressive contributions made by all authors. We would like also to thank all the reviewers that helped us to evaluate all submissions, providing valuable critics and suggestions to the authors. Finally, we would like to thank all editorial board members and all staff for allowing us to publish this Special Issue and for his great support throughout the entire publication process. The guest editors: Andrea Bracciali University of Stirling Claudio Schifanella University of Turin

中文翻译：

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并发与计算特刊：实践与体会《FPDAPP，去中心化应用的未来展望》

区块链技术使不受信任的各方之间达成协议成为可能，而无需认证机构。提议的框架已在金融、医疗保健、公证、知识产权管理、身份、出处、国际合作、社会公益和安全等众多领域提出，仅举几例。智能合约，即在区块链上运行的可执行软件方面的自我执行协议，已在多种环境中开发。这种定义不足的计算模型引入了创新方面，例如依赖于对等方的共享贡献及其分散共识的分散计算的经济性和信任度。继第一届去中心化应用程序的未来前景国际研讨会之后，FPDAPP（与 EURO-PAR 会议同时举行），这一特刊主要载有来自研讨会上发表的论文的修订和大幅扩展版本的新结果。此外，本卷包含了新的贡献，它们严格探索和评估新型分散框架和应用程序的潜力。经过全面的同行评审过程，重点关注质量、创新贡献、对现实世界场景的适用性，我们选择了六篇手稿进行出版。论文“比特币网络中多输入多输出交易的分析”提出了对比特币网络的探索性分析，重点是基于多输入/输出交易的混合行为。“基于区块链技术的可信记录系统是汽车行业里程存储的原型”一文提出了一种基于区块链的可信记录系统，以解决诺贝尔奖获得者阿克洛夫所描述的二手车市场信息不对称问题。论文“加密货币赌场之外的区块链应用：惩罚而非奖励区块链架构”提出了一种有趣的惩罚机制系统，作为区块链维护的经典奖励策略的替代方案。论文“使用区块链内外混合架构实施和评估智能合约”介绍了一种新的混合架构，用于实施智能合约，基于以太坊区块链上的集中监控智能合约。论文“验证你的投票协议的设计和实际实施”专注于电子投票这个备受争议和具有挑战性的问题。它提出了一种可验证的基于区块链的在线投票协议，该协议通过使用各种加密原语来确保安全性。最后，论文“确保食品本地产品的透明度和可追溯性：区块链应用到智慧旅游区”提出了一个面向区块链的平台，以在本地食品和饮料可以的智慧旅游区环境中保证食品的来源和来源。由于其明确认证的出处，成为吸引游客和宣传该地区的良好组合。作为客座编辑，我们要对所有作者做出的令人印象深刻的贡献表示感谢。我们还要感谢所有帮助我们评估所有提交的审稿人，为作者提供宝贵的批评和建议。最后，我们要感谢所有编辑委员会成员和所有工作人员允许我们出版这期特刊，并感谢他在整个出版过程中的大力支持。客座编辑：Andrea Bracciali 斯特灵大学 Claudio Schifanella 都灵大学