Ecological genetics can provide a novel contribution to assessing the achievement of restoration objectives. We used paternity assignment to infer realized pollen dispersal within, and pollen immigration into, a restoration population of Hakea nitida, a common near‐coastal shrub or small tree in southwest Australia. We compared mating system parameters and genetic diversity with a nearby remnant reference population and assessed genetic divergence among the restoration and reference populations. We found realized pollen dispersal events closely tracked the frequency distributions of the distances between all plants within the restoration focus area. Mean realized pollen dispersal distance (359 m) approached the mean of the distances between all plants (407 m), far exceeding mean nearest neighbor distance (12 m). Maximum realized pollen dispersal distance (869 m) approached the maximum distance between all plants in the study area (1,033 m). Pollen immigration into the restoration study area was limited (4%). The mating system revealed moderate outcrossing rates (t_m = 0.861 restoration and t_m = 0.745 reference population), with significant and similar biparental inbreeding (t_m − t_s = 0.180, t_m− t_s = 0.186) but greater correlated paternity (r_pm) in the restoration (0.519) than in the reference (0.188) population. Genetic divergence among the restoration and reference remnant population was moderate (F_ST = 0.094, D_ST = 0.239). Patterns of pollen dispersal and mating system parameters imply the attraction of pollinators within the restoration population as a key factor in progressing towards the establishment of self‐sustaining populations.

中文翻译：

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通过评估花粉扩散，交配系统和遗传多样性来评估修复结果

生态遗传学可以为评估恢复目标的实现提供新的贡献。我们使用亲子鉴定来推断花粉的内部散布的花粉散布，以及花粉移入到Hakea nitida的恢复种群中。，是澳大利亚西南部常见的近岸灌木或小树。我们将交配系统参数和遗传多样性与附近的剩余参考种群进行了比较，并评估了恢复种群和参考种群之间的遗传差异。我们发现已实现的花粉扩散事件密切跟踪了恢复重点区域内所有植物之间距离的频率分布。平均实现花粉散布距离（359 m）接近所有植物之间距离的平均值（407 m），远远超过平均最近邻居距离（12 m）。最大实现花粉散布距离（869 m）接近研究区域所有植物之间的最大距离（1,033 m）。花粉迁移到修复研究区的数量有限（4％）。交配系统显示出适中的异交率（t_m = 0.861恢复，t _m = 0.745参考种群），双亲近交显着且相似（t _m - t _s = 0.180，t _m - t _s = 0.186），但恢复中的相关亲子关系（r _pm）更大（0.519）比参考（0.188）人口要高。恢复和参考残留种群之间的遗传差异中等（F _ST = 0.094，D _ST= 0.239）。花粉传播和交配系统参数的模式表明，传粉媒介在恢复种群中的吸引力是建立自给种群的关键因素。