Formation of wall-less cells in Kitasatospora viridifaciens requires cytoskeletal protein FilP in oxygen-limiting conditions,Molecular Microbiology

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Formation of wall-less cells in Kitasatospora viridifaciens requires cytoskeletal protein FilP in oxygen-limiting conditions
Molecular Microbiology ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-05 , DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14662
Eveline Ultee _{1,

2} , Xiaobo Zhong _{1,

2} , Shraddha Shitut _{1,

2} , Ariane Briegel _{1,

2} , Dennis Claessen _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The cell wall is considered an essential component for bacterial survival, providing structural support, and protection from environmental insults. Under normal growth conditions, filamentous actinobacteria insert new cell wall material at the hyphal tips regulated by the coordinated activity of cytoskeletal proteins and cell wall biosynthetic enzymes. Despite the importance of the cell wall, some filamentous actinobacteria can produce wall-deficient S-cells upon prolonged exposure to hyperosmotic stress. Here, we performed cryo-electron tomography and live cell imaging to further characterize S-cell extrusion in Kitasatospora viridifaciens. We show that exposure to hyperosmotic stress leads to DNA compaction, membrane and S-cell extrusion, and thinning of the cell wall at hyphal tips. Additionally, we find that the extrusion of S-cells is abolished in a cytoskeletal mutant strain that lacks the intermediate filament-like protein FilP. Furthermore, micro-aerobic culturing promotes the formation of S-cells in the wild type, but the limited oxygen still impedes S-cell formation in the ΔfilP mutant. These results demonstrate that S-cell formation is stimulated by oxygen-limiting conditions and dependent on functional cytoskeleton remodeling.

中文翻译：

Kitasatospora viridifaciens 中无壁细胞的形成需要在限氧条件下使用细胞骨架蛋白 FilP

细胞壁被认为是细菌生存的重要组成部分，提供结构支持和保护免受环境侵害。在正常生长条件下，丝状放线菌在菌丝尖端插入新的细胞壁材料，由细胞骨架蛋白和细胞壁生物合成酶的协调活性调节。尽管细胞壁很重要，但一些丝状放线菌在长期暴露于高渗压力时会产生细胞壁缺陷的 S 细胞。在这里，我们进行了冷冻电子断层扫描和活细胞成像，以进一步表征Kitasatospora viridifaciens 中的S 细胞挤出. 我们表明，暴露于高渗压力会导致 DNA 压实、膜和 S 细胞挤出，以及菌丝尖端的细胞壁变薄。此外，我们发现在缺乏中间丝状蛋白 FilP 的细胞骨架突变株中，S 细胞的挤出被消除。此外，微需氧培养促进了野生型 S 细胞的形成，但有限的氧气仍然阻碍了 Δ filP 突变体中S 细胞的形成。这些结果表明，S 细胞的形成受到限氧条件的刺激，并依赖于功能性细胞骨架重塑。

更新日期：2020-12-05

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