Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a biliary epithelial tumour that can emerge at any point in the biliary tree. It is commonly classified based on its anatomical site of development into intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), perihilar cholangiocarcinoma (PCC) and distal cholangiocarcinoma (DCC), each of which is associated with varying patient demographics, molecular characteristics and treatment options. CCA patients have poor overall prognoses and 5‐year survival rates. Additionally, CCA is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with surgical treatment restricted to early‐stage disease. Owing to an increase in the incidence of ICC, that of CCA is also on the rise, with a corresponding increase in the associated mortality, particularly in South America and Asia. Therefore, the development of an effective treatment is crucial to improve the survival of CCA patients. We aimed to systematically review the current understanding of advanced CCA treatment and discuss potential effective strategies.

中文翻译：

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晚期胆管癌的治疗：当前知识和未来潜力

胆管癌 (CCA) 是一种胆管上皮肿瘤，可出现在胆管树的任何位置。它通常根据其发展的解剖部位分为肝内胆管癌 (ICC)、肝门周围胆管癌 (PCC) 和远端胆管癌 (DCC)，每一种都与不同的患者人口统计学、分子特征和治疗方案相关。CCA 患者的总体预后和 5 年生存率较差。此外，CCA 通常在晚期诊断，手术治疗仅限于早期疾病。由于 ICC 发病率的增加，CCA 的发病率也在上升，相关死亡率也相应增加，特别是在南美和亚洲。所以，开发有效的治疗方法对于提高 CCA 患者的生存率至关重要。我们旨在系统地回顾目前对高级 CCA 治疗的理解，并讨论潜在的有效策略。