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Satellite‐based habitat monitoring reveals long‐term dynamics of deer habitat in response to forest disturbances
Ecological Applications ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-04 , DOI: 10.1002/eap.2269
Julian Oeser 1 , Marco Heurich 2, 3 , Cornelius Senf 4 , Dirk Pflugmacher 1 , Tobias Kuemmerle 1, 5
Affiliation  

Disturbances play a key role in driving forest ecosystem dynamics, but how disturbances shape wildlife habitat across space and time often remains unclear. A major reason for this is a lack of information about changes in habitat suitability across large areas and longer time periods. Here, we use a novel approach based on Landsat satellite image time series to map seasonal habitat suitability annually from 1986 to 2017. Our approach involves characterizing forest disturbance dynamics using Landsat‐based metrics, harmonizing these metrics through a temporal segmentation algorithm, and then using them together with GPS telemetry data in habitat models. We apply this framework to assess how natural forest disturbances and post‐disturbance salvage logging affect habitat suitability for two ungulates, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and red deer (Cervus elaphus), over 32 yr in a Central European forest landscape. We found that red and roe deer differed in their response to forest disturbances. Habitat suitability for red deer consistently improved after disturbances, whereas the suitability of disturbed sites was more variable for roe deer depending on season (lower during winter than summer) and disturbance agent (lower in windthrow vs. bark‐beetle‐affected stands). Salvage logging altered the suitability of bark beetle‐affected stands for deer, having negative effects on red deer and mixed effects on roe deer, but generally did not have clear effects on habitat suitability in windthrows. Our results highlight long‐lasting legacy effects of forest disturbances on deer habitat. For example, bark beetle disturbances improved red deer habitat suitability for at least 25 yr. The duration of disturbance impacts generally increased with elevation. Methodologically, our approach proved effective for improving the robustness of habitat reconstructions from Landsat time series: integrating multiyear telemetry data into single, multi‐temporal habitat models improved model transferability in time. Likewise, temporally segmenting the Landsat‐based metrics increased the temporal consistency of our habitat suitability maps. As the frequency of natural forest disturbances is increasing across the globe, their impacts on wildlife habitat should be considered in wildlife and forest management. Our approach offers a widely applicable method for monitoring habitat suitability changes caused by landscape dynamics such as forest disturbance.

中文翻译:

基于卫星的栖息地监测揭示了鹿栖息地对森林干扰的长期动态

干扰在推动森林生态系统动态方面起着关键作用,但是干扰如何在空间和时间上影响野生动植物的栖息地仍然不清楚。造成这种情况的主要原因是缺乏有关大面积和较长时期内栖息地适应性变化的信息。在这里,我们使用一种基于Landsat卫星图像时间序列的新颖方法来绘制从1986年到2017年每年的季节性栖息地适宜性。我们的方法包括使用基于Landsat的指标表征森林扰动动态,通过时间分段算法协调这些指标,然后使用它们与栖息地模型中的GPS遥测数据一起使用。我们应用此框架来评估天然林干扰和扰乱后的伐木活动如何影响两个有蹄类动物,的生境适应性(re(Capreolus capreolus)和马鹿(鹿elaphus),在中欧森林景观中超过32年。我们发现马鹿和ro对森林干扰的反应不同。干扰后,人居对马鹿的适宜性不断提高,而受干扰地点对ro的适应性则随季节(冬季比夏季要低)和干扰因子(在风头与受树皮甲虫影响的林下要低)而变化更大。打捞伐木改变了受树皮甲虫侵害的鹿的适宜性,对马鹿产生负面影响,对de鹿产生混合影响,但通常对风蝇的栖息地适宜性没有明显影响。我们的结果强调了森林干扰对鹿栖息地的长期遗留影响。例如,树皮甲虫干扰改善了马鹿栖息地的适应性至少25年。干扰影响的持续时间通常随着海拔的升高而增加。从方法上讲,我们的方法被证明对提高Landsat时间序列的栖息地重建的鲁棒性是有效的:将多年遥测数据整合到单一的,多时间的栖息地模型中,可以改善模型的及时转移性。同样,对基于Landsat的度量进行时间分割可以提高栖息地适宜性图的时间一致性。随着全球范围内自然森林干扰频率的增加,在野生生物和森林管理中应考虑其对野生动植物栖息地的影响。我们的方法为监测由景观动态(例如森林干扰)引起的栖息地适应性变化提供了一种广泛适用的方法。我们的方法被证明对提高Landsat时间序列的生境重建的鲁棒性是有效的:将多年遥测数据整合到单个,多时间生境模型中,可以提高模型的及时传递能力。同样,对基于Landsat的度量进行时间分割可以提高栖息地适宜性图的时间一致性。随着全球范围内自然森林干扰频率的增加,在野生生物和森林管理中应考虑其对野生动植物栖息地的影响。我们的方法为监测由景观动态(例如森林干扰)引起的栖息地适应性变化提供了一种广泛适用的方法。我们的方法被证明对提高Landsat时间序列的生境重建的鲁棒性是有效的:将多年遥测数据整合到单个,多时间生境模型中,可以提高模型的及时传递能力。同样,对基于Landsat的度量进行时间分割可以提高栖息地适宜性图的时间一致性。随着全球范围内自然森林干扰频率的增加,在野生生物和森林管理中应考虑其对野生动植物栖息地的影响。我们的方法为监测由景观动态(例如森林干扰)引起的栖息地适应性变化提供了一种广泛适用的方法。多时间栖息地模型改善了模型的及时传递能力。同样,对基于Landsat的度量进行时间分割可以提高栖息地适宜性图的时间一致性。随着全球范围内自然森林干扰频率的增加,在野生生物和森林管理中应考虑其对野生动植物栖息地的影响。我们的方法为监测由景观动态(例如森林干扰)引起的栖息地适应性变化提供了一种广泛适用的方法。多时间栖息地模型改善了模型的及时传递能力。同样,对基于Landsat的度量进行时间分割可以提高栖息地适宜性图的时间一致性。随着全球范围内自然森林干扰频率的增加,在野生生物和森林管理中应考虑其对野生动植物栖息地的影响。我们的方法为监测由景观动态(例如森林干扰)引起的栖息地适应性变化提供了一种广泛适用的方法。
更新日期:2020-12-04
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