To date, there are 74 described species of armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae) whose only known hosts are bamboos (Poaceae: Bambuseae) and 12 armoured scale insect genera that consist mainly or entirely of bamboo feeders. Fully 71 of the species and all 12 of the genera are native to Asia. Another region where bamboos dominate the forest understory is southern South America, which has high diversity and endemism of bamboos of the genus Chusquea Kunth. We have sampled armoured scale insects from Chusquea from eight different sites in Chile and three sites in Argentina. The most common species were Prodigiaspis riverae (Cockerell) and a morphologically similar undescribed species. We sequenced fragments of four genetic loci from both species: the D2 region of the large ribosomal subunit (28S), elongation factor‐1 alpha (EF‐1α) and two mitochondrial regions, namely, a fragment of cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and a fragment spanning the parts of cytochrome oxidase I and II (COI–II). We conducted phylogenetic analyses of these sequences, together with previously published sequences of other Neotropical genera of the same tribe (Lepidosaphidini), including an undescribed species of the genus Prodigiaspis Ferris. The results show that the Chusquea‐feeding species, including P. riverae, comprise a clade that is closely related to the genus Pseudoparlatoria Cockerell and distant from the Prodigiaspis species. Here, we place them in the new genus Chusqueaspis Amouroux gen. nov., with a total of three species, two of which are described here for the first time: Chusqueaspis riverae (Cockerell), comb. nov.; Chusqueaspis patriciae Wei, Claps, Normark & Normark, sp. nov.; and Chusqueaspis gonzalezi Amouroux, Normark & Normark, sp. nov. We also describe a Prodigiaspis species as Prodigiaspis megalobus Normark & Normark, sp. nov. on Marila (Calophyllaceae). Illustrations of the adult females of each of the four species and a key to the species of the new genus are provided.

中文翻译：

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Chusqueaspis Amouroux，gen。十一月，南美南部竹子上的一种新型鳞甲昆虫（Hemiptera：Diaspididae）

迄今为止，已经描述了74种装甲规模昆虫（半翅目：Coccomorpha：Diaspididae），其唯一已知的寄主是竹子（禾本科：Bambuseae）和12种装甲规模昆虫属，主要或全部由竹子饲养者组成。该物种的全部71个属和全部12个属都起源于亚洲。竹子在森林林下占主导地位的另一个地区是南美南部，该地区的Chusquea Kunth竹子具有很高的多样性和特有性。我们从智利的八个不同地点和阿根廷的三个地点采样了来自丘斯夸的装甲鳞片昆虫。最常见的物种是河豚（Cockerell）和形态相似的未描述物种。我们对这两个物种的四个遗传基因座的片段进行了测序：大核糖体亚基的D2区（28S），延伸因子-1α（EF-1α）和两个线粒体区，即细胞色素氧化酶I（COI）和跨越细胞色素氧化酶I和II（COI–II）部分的片段。我们对这些序列以及同一部落的其他新热带属（Lepidosaphidini）先前发布的序列进行了系统发育分析，其中包括Prodigiaspis Ferris属的一个未描述物种。结果表明，Chusquea -feeding物种，包括P. riverae，包括密切相关属进化枝Pseudoparlatoria科克雷尔（Cockerell）与Prodigiaspis物种远离。在这里，我们将它们放置在Chusqueaspis Amouroux新属中。十一月 ，共有三种，其中两种是首次在这里描述：Cusqueaspis riverae（Cockerell），梳子。十一月 ; Chusqueaspis patriciae Wei，Claps，Normark和Normark，sp。十一月 ; 和Chusqueaspis gonzalezi Amouroux，Normark和Normark，sp。十一月 我们也将Prodigiaspis物种描述为Prodigiaspis megalobus Normark和Normark，sp。十一月 在Marila上（叶藻科）。提供了这四个物种的成年雌性的插图，以及该新物种的一个关键。