Mycoplasma bovis is a pathogenic bacterium in bovines that causes huge global economic losses. Numerous factors play important roles in M. bovis pathogenesis; however, the host immune response involved in M. bovis infection has not been fully elucidated. We aimed to determine the characteristics of the host immune response to Mycoplasma infection. We evaluated the responsiveness of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with M. bovis via microarray analysis. The transcriptional abundance of innate immune-related genes IL-36A, IL-27, IFN-γ, and IL-17 in PBMCs increased after M. bovis exposure. Upon M. bovis infection, there was increased expression of the lymphocyte activated genes basic leucine zipper transcription factor (BATF) and signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family members 1 and 7 (SLAMF 1 and SLAMF 7) in PBMCs compared with that in unstimulated cells. The study revealed that the transcriptional abundance of innate immunity genes in PBMCs increased during M. bovis infection. This induced the activation of PBMCs, giving rise to an immune response, which is followed by the development of the inflammatory response. The results from this study could be used as the basis for the development of novel vaccine candidates against M. bovis.

牛支原体是牛中的致病菌，会造成巨大的全球经济损失。许多因素在牛分枝杆菌的发病机理中起着重要作用。然而，尚未完全阐明与牛分枝杆菌感染有关的宿主免疫反应。我们旨在确定宿主对支原体感染的免疫反应的特征。我们通过微阵列分析评估了牛分枝杆菌刺激的牛外周血单核细胞（PBMC）的反应性。牛分枝杆菌暴露后，PBMC中先天性免疫相关基因IL-36A，IL-27，IFN-γ和IL-17的转录丰度增加。在牛肝菌之后感染后，与未刺激的细胞相比，PBMC中淋巴细胞激活基因碱性亮氨酸拉链转录因子（BATF）的表达增加，并且信号传导的淋巴细胞激活分子家族成员1和7（SLAMF 1和SLAMF 7）增加。该研究表明，在牛分枝杆菌感染期间，PBMC中先天免疫基因的转录丰度增加。这诱导了PBMC的活化，引起了免疫反应，随后炎症反应的发展。这项研究的结果可作为开发新型抗牛分支杆菌疫苗的基础。