Abstract Permanently flooded rice cropping is increasingly converted to rotation systems including upland crops, managed with adaptive nitrogen fertilizer application schemes for the sake of both saving water and optimizing nutrient application. Such changes alter the diversity and composition of the edaphic fauna, with a critical impact on soil functioning. We conducted a survey at 12 plots in Central Luzon (Philippines) over four cropping seasons to quantify the response of soil nematodes, enchytraeids, and microarthropods (collembolans and mites) to different crop rotations. We additionally assessed the impact of three different N-fertilizer input levels. A marked shift from enchytraeids to microarthropods (i.e. from semi-aquatic to terrestrial taxa) occurred in crop rotations involving upland crops. Microarthropod abundance increased faster in permanently non-flooded rotation system than in rotation schemes including temporal flooding. Mites and most springtail taxa proved to be very vulnerable to crop-associated flooding. Enchytraeids, in contrast, responded positively. Bacterivorous and fungivorous nematodes were affected to a much greater degree by the level of nitrogen input than by crop rotation. N fertilizer application thus significantly altered the trophic composition only of the soil micro-food web. According to our results we propose that the establishment of a genuine terrestrial soil food web after cropping scheme conversion in the conditions of volcanic soils in Central Luzon island may potentially be driven by two processes: The first is associated with the seasonally disrupted increase of microarthropod abundance driven by individuals invading from associated habitats through the top of the bunds, accompanied by an extinction of the semi-aquatic mesofauna, and second, the recovery of microarthropods that are able to survive submerged conditions in low numbers. The marked effect of N fertilizer application on the microfauna indicates that fertilizer management may significantly impact the conversion process by altering the microbial base of the soil food web.

中文翻译：

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土壤动物群对水稻生产系统中作物轮作周期的变化有不同的反应

摘要 永久性淹水水稻种植越来越多地转向包括旱作作物在内的轮作系统，采用适应性氮肥施用方案进行管理，以节约用水和优化养分施用。这种变化改变了土壤动物群的多样性和组成，对土壤功能产生了重大影响。我们在四个种植季节在中央吕宋（菲律宾）的 12 个地块进行了一项调查，以量化土壤线虫、绒毛虫和微节肢动物（跳虫和螨虫）对不同作物轮作的反应。我们还评估了三种不同氮肥输入水平的影响。在涉及旱地作物的轮作中发生了从虫卵到微节肢动物（即从半水生类群到陆生类群）的显着转变。与包括临时洪水在内的轮作方案相比，永久性非洪水轮作系统中微节肢动物丰度的增加速度更快。螨虫和大多数跳虫类群被证明非常容易受到与作物相关的洪水的影响。相比之下，Enchytraeids 反应积极。与作物轮作相比，氮输入水平对食细菌和食真菌线虫的影响要大得多。因此，施氮肥显着改变了土壤微食物网的营养成分。根据我们的研究结果，我们提出在吕宋岛中部火山土壤条件下种植计划转换后建立真正的陆地土壤食物网可能由两个过程驱动：第一个原因与个体从相关栖息地通过外滩顶部入侵引起的微节肢动物丰度的季节性中断增加有关，伴随着半水生中型动物群的灭绝，第二个是能够在水下生存的微节肢动物的恢复数量少的情况。施氮肥对微型动物的显着影响表明，肥料管理可能通过改变土壤食物网的微生物基础显着影响转化过程。