The synthesis of nitrile under mild conditions was achieved via dehydration of primary amide using lead salts as catalyst. The reaction processes were intensified by not only adding surfactant but also continuously removing the only by-product, water from the system. Both aliphatic and aromatic nitriles can be prepared in this manner with moderate to excellent yields. The reaction mechanisms were obtained with high-level quantum chemical calculations, and the crucial role the anionic ligand plays in the transformations were revealed.

中文翻译：

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铅盐催化的伯酰胺容易脱水成腈：阴离子配体很重要

在温和条件下腈的合成是通过使用铅盐作为催化剂使伯酰胺脱水来实现的。通过不仅添加表面活性剂，而且连续地从体系中除去唯一的副产物水来增强反应过程。脂肪族和芳香族腈都可以这种方式制备，具有中等至极好的收率。通过高级量子化学计算获得了反应机理，并揭示了阴离子配体在转化中的关键作用。