Common textile dyes used in various industrial sectors are organic compounds and considered for the aquatic environment as pollutants. The textile dye industry is one of the main sectors that have serious impacts on the environment due to a large amount of wastewater released into the ecosystem. Maxilon blue 5G (MB-5G) and Reactive Blue 203 (RB-203) are widely used textile dyes. However, their potential toxicity on living organisms remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate the acute toxicity and genotoxicity of MB-5G and RB-203 dyes using the zebrafish embryos/larvae. Embryos treated with each dye for 96 h revealed LC₅₀ values of acute toxicity as 166.04 mg L⁻¹ and 278.32 mg L⁻¹ for MB-5G and RB 203, respectively. When exposed to MB-5G and RB-203 at different concentrations (1, 10, and 100 mg L⁻¹) for 96 h, the expression of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker of oxidative DNA damage, significantly increased in brain tissues as compared to control. MB-5G and RB-203 resulted in common developmental abnormalities including tail malformation, microphthalmia, pericardial edema, curved body axis, and yolk sac/pericardial edemas. Moreover, at its highest dose (100 mg L⁻¹), RB-203 caused premature hatching after 48 h, while MG-5G did not. Our results collectively reveal that the textile dyes MB-5G and RB-203 cause genotoxicity and teratogenicity during embryonic and larval development of zebrafish. Thus, it is necessary to eliminate these compounds from wastewater or reduce their concentrations to safe levels before discharging the textile industry wastewater into the environment.

在各种工业领域中使用的常见纺织染料是有机化合物，在水生环境中被视为污染物。纺织染料行业是由于大量废水排放到生态系统中而对环境造成严重影响的主要行业之一。Maxilon蓝5G（MB-5G）和活性蓝203（RB-203）是广泛使用的纺织品染料。但是，它们对活生物体的潜在毒性仍有待阐明。在这里，我们调查使用斑马鱼胚胎/幼虫的MB-5G和RB-203染料的急性毒性和遗传毒性。每种染料处理96小时的胚胎显示急性毒性的LC ₅₀值为166.04 mg L ^-1和278.32 mg L ^-1分别用于MB-5G和RB 203。当以不同的浓度（1、10和100 mg L ^-1）暴露于MB-5G和RB-203达96小时时，氧化标记物8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine（8-OHdG）的表达与对照组相比，DNA损伤在脑组织中显着增加。MB-5G和RB-203导致常见的发育异常，包括尾巴畸形，小眼症，心包水肿，弯曲的身体轴和卵黄囊/心包水肿。此外，以最高剂量（100 mg L ^-1），RB-203会在48小时后引起过早孵化，而MG-5G则不会。我们的研究结果共同表明，纺织染料MB-5G和RB-203在斑马鱼的胚胎和幼虫发育过程中引起遗传毒性和致畸性。因此，在将纺织工业废水排放到环境中之前，有必要从废水中消除这些化合物或将其浓度降低到安全水平。