Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a virus-induced respiratory disease that may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and is triggered by immunopathological mechanisms that cause excessive inflammation and leukocyte dysfunction. Neutrophils play a critical function in the clearance of bacteria with specific mechanisms to combat viruses. The aim of this review is to highlight the current advances in the pathways of neutrophilic inflammation against viral infection over the past ten years, focusing on the production of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and its impact on severe lung diseases, such as COVID-19. We focused on studies regarding hyperinflammation, cytokine storms, neutrophil function, and viral infections. We discuss how the neutrophil’s role could influence COVID-19 symptoms in the interaction between hyperinflammation (overproduction of NETs and cytokines) and the clearance function of neutrophils to eliminate the viral infection. We also propose a more in-depth investigation into the neutrophil response mechanism targeting NETosis in the different phases of COVID-19.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19和嗜中性粒细胞：过度炎症与嗜中性粒细胞胞外陷阱之间的关系

冠状病毒病2019（COVID-19）是一种由病毒引起的呼吸道疾病，可能发展为急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS），并由引起过度炎症和白细胞功能障碍的免疫病理机制触发。中性粒细胞在清除细菌方面起着关键作用，它具有抵抗病毒的特定机制。这篇综述的目的是强调过去十年中针对病毒感染的嗜中性粒细胞炎症途径的最新进展，重点是嗜中性粒细胞胞外诱捕剂（NETs）的产生及其对严重肺部疾病（如COVID-19）的影响。我们专注于有关过度炎症，细胞因子风暴，中性粒细胞功能和病毒感染的研究。我们讨论嗜中性粒细胞的作用如何影响过度炎症（NETs和细胞因子的过度产生）与嗜中性粒细胞清除功能之间的相互作用，从而消除病毒感染，从而影响COVID-19症状。我们还建议更深入地研究针对CONET 19不同阶段中的NETosis的嗜中性粒细胞反应机制。