Garlic is one of the most crucial Allium vegetables used as seasoning of foods. It has a lot of benefits from the medicinal and nutritional point of view; however, its production is highly constrained by both biotic and abiotic challenges. Among these, viral infections are the most prevalent factors affecting crop productivity around the globe. This experiment was conducted on eleven selected garlic accessions and three improved varieties collected from different garlic growing agro-climatic regions of Ethiopia. This study aimed to identify and characterize the isolated garlic virus using the coat protein (CP) gene and further determine their phylogenetic relatedness. RNA was extracted from fresh young leaves, thirteen days old seedlings, which showed yellowing, mosaic, and stunting symptoms. Pairwise molecular diversity for CP nucleotide and amino acid sequences were calculated using MEGA5. Maximum Likelihood tree of CP nucleotide sequence data of Allexivirus and Potyvirus were conducted using PhyML, while a neighbor-joining tree was constructed for the amino acid sequence data using MEGA5. From the result, five garlic viruses were identified viz. Garlic virus C (78.6 %), Garlic virus D (64.3 %), Garlic virus X (78.6 %), Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) (100%), and Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) (78.6 %). The study revealed the presence of complex mixtures of viruses with 42.9 % of the samples had co-infected with a species complex of Garlic virus C , Garlic virus D , Garlic virus X , OYDV, and LYSV. Pairwise comparisons of the isolated Potyviruses and Allexiviruses species revealed high identity with that of the known members of their respected species. As an exception, less within species identity was observed among Garlic virus C isolates as compared with that of the known members of the species. Finally, our results highlighted the need for stepping up a working framework to establish virus-free garlic planting material exchange in the country which could result in the reduction of viral gene flow across the country.

中文翻译：

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外壳蛋白基因的分子表征揭示了大蒜中多种病毒物种复合物的多样性。

大蒜是用作食品调味料的最重要的葱属蔬菜之一。从药物和营养的角度来看，它有很多好处；但是，其生产受到生物和非生物挑战的高度限制。其中，病毒感染是影响全球农作物生产力的最普遍因素。该实验对11种精选大蒜种和从埃塞俄比亚不同大蒜种植的农业气候区收集的3个改良品种进行。这项研究旨在使用外壳蛋白（CP）基因鉴定和鉴定分离的大蒜病毒，并进一步确定其系统发育相关性。从新鲜的嫩叶，十三天大的幼苗中提取RNA，表现出泛黄，花叶病和发育迟缓的症状。使用MEGA5计算CP核苷酸和氨基酸序列的成对分子多样性。用PhyML进行了Allexivirus和Potyvirus的CP核苷酸序列数据的最大似然树，而使用MEGA5构造了氨基酸序列数据的邻居连接树。从结果中，鉴定出五种大蒜病毒。大蒜病毒C（78.6％），大蒜病毒D（64.3％），大蒜病毒X（78.6％），洋葱黄矮病毒（OYDV）（100％）和韭菜黄条纹病毒（LYSV）（78.6％）。该研究表明，病毒的复杂混合物与42.9％的样品共同感染了大蒜病毒C，大蒜病毒D，大蒜病毒X，OYDV和LYSV的物种复合物。成对比较的分离的马铃薯病毒和Allexiviruses物种表明与它们受尊敬的物种的已知成员具有高度同一性。作为例外，与已知种的成员相比，大蒜病毒C分离株在种内的同一性较少。最后，我们的结果强调需要加强工作框架以在该国建立无病毒的大蒜种植材料交换，这可能会导致全国病毒基因流的减少。