Glaucoma is a disease with characteristic optic neuropathy and loss of vision, leading to blindness, and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is the most common glaucoma type throughout the world. Genetic susceptibility is the main factor in POAG, and most susceptibility genes cause changes in microRNA expression and function, thereby leading to POAG occurrence and development. Increasing evidence indicates that many microRNAs are involved in the regulation of intraocular pressure (IOP) and play an important role in the increase in IOP in POAG. Additionally, microRNA is closely related to optic nerve damage factors (mechanical stress, hypoxia and inflammation). This review discusses the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in POAG-related genes on microRNA and the value of microRNA in the diagnosis and treatment of POAG.

中文翻译：

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更新：微小RNA在原发性开角型青光眼中的作用机制

青光眼是一种具有特征性视神经病变和视力丧失的疾病，可导致失明，原发性开角型青光眼 (POAG) 是全世界最常见的青光眼类型。遗传易感性是 POAG 的主要因素，大多数易感基因引起 microRNA 表达和功能的改变，从而导致 POAG 的发生和发展。越来越多的证据表明，许多 microRNA 参与眼内压 (IOP) 的调节，并在 POAG 的眼压升高中发挥重要作用。此外，microRNA 与视神经损伤因素（机械应力、缺氧和炎症）密切相关。本综述讨论了POAG相关基因单核苷酸多态性对microRNA的影响以及microRNA在POAG诊治中的价值。