Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal that has fed the world over a longer period. Before green revolution, cultivated rice is believed to have consisted of thousands of landraces each adapted to its specific climatic conditions by surviving against different abiotic and biotic selection pressure. However, owing to the low yield, photo-period sensitivity, late maturity and sensitivity to lodging of these landraces grown world-wide, serious concerns of impending global food crisis was felt during the 1960s because of (i) unprecedented increase of the population and (ii) concomitant decline in the cultivable land. Fortunately, high-yielding varieties developed through the introgression of the semi-dwarf1 gene (popularly known as sd1) during the 1960s led to significant increments in the food grain production that averted the apprehensions of nearing famine. This historical achievement having deep impact in the global agriculture is popularly referred as ‘Green Revolution.’ In this paper, we reviewed, its genetics as well as molecular regulations, evolutionary relationship with orthologous genes from other cereals as well as pseudo-cereals and attempted to provide an up-to-date information about its introgression to different rice cultivars of the world.

中文翻译：

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水稻的“绿色革命”矮基因sd1具有巨大影响

摘要

稻米（Oryza sativa L.）是世界上最重要的谷物之一。在绿色革命之前，人们认为栽培稻由成千上万的地方品种组成，每个品种通过抵抗不同的非生物和生物选择压力而适应其特定的气候条件。但是，由于全世界种植的这些地方品种的低产量，对光周期的敏感性，较晚的成熟度和对倒伏的敏感性，在1960年代，由于（i）人口的空前增长和（ii）耕地随之减少。幸运的是，通过半矮化基因（通常称为sd1）的基因渗入形成了高产品种）在1960年代导致粮食谷物产量显着增加，避免了对饥荒的担忧。这项对全球农业产生深远影响的历史性成就通常被称为“绿色革命”。在本文中，我们回顾了其遗传学，分子调控，与其他谷物以及假谷物与直系同源基因的进化关系，并试图提供有关其向世界不同水稻品种渗入的最新信息。 。