We characterize the energetic footprint of a two-qubit quantum gate from the perspective of non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics. We experimentally reconstruct the statistics of energy and entropy fluctuations following the implementation of a controlled-unitary gate, linking them to the performance of the gate itself and the phenomenology of Landauer’s principle at the single-quantum level. Our work thus addresses the energetic cost of operating quantum circuits, a problem that is crucial for the grounding of the upcoming quantum technologies.

中文翻译：

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量子逻辑门能量学的实验表征

我们从非平衡量子热力学的角度描述了一个两量子位量子门的能量足迹。我们在实施受控统一门之后，通过实验重建能量和熵涨落的统计数据，并将其与门本身的性能以及朗德厄原理在单量子级的现象学联系起来。因此，我们的工作解决了运行量子电路的能源成本，这一问题对于即将推出的量子技术的基础至关重要。