HIV-1 employs a rich arsenal of viral factors throughout its life cycle and co-opts intracellular trafficking pathways. This exquisitely coordinated process requires precise manipulation of the host microenvironment, most often within defined subcellular compartments. The virus capitalizes on the host by modulating cell-surface proteins and cleverly exploiting nuclear import pathways for post entry events, among other key processes. Successful virus–cell interactions are indeed crucial in determining the extent of infection. By evolving defenses against host restriction factors, while simultaneously exploiting host dependency factors, the life cycle of HIV-1 presents a fascinating montage of an ongoing host–virus arms race. Herein, we provide an overview of how HIV-1 exploits native functions of the host cell and discuss recent findings that fundamentally change our understanding of the post-entry replication events.

HIV-1 在其整个生命周期中使用了丰富的病毒因子库，并选择了细胞内运输途径。这种精巧协调的过程需要对宿主微环境进行精确操作，最常见的是在定义的亚细胞隔间内。该病毒通过调节细胞表面蛋白质和巧妙地利用进入后事件的核输入途径以及其他关键过程来利用宿主。成功的病毒-细胞相互作用对于确定感染程度确实至关重要。通过发展对宿主限制因素的防御，同时利用宿主依赖因素，HIV-1 的生命周期呈现出正在进行的宿主-病毒军备竞赛的迷人蒙太奇。在此处，