The vertical distribution of subseafloor archaeal communities is thought to be primarily controlled by in situ conditions in sediments such as the availability of electron acceptors and donors, although sharp community shifts have also been observed at lithological boundaries suggesting that at least a subset of vertically stratified Archaea form a long‐term genetic record of coinciding environmental conditions that occurred at the time of sediment deposition. To substantiate this possibility, we performed a highly resolved 16S rRNA gene survey of vertically stratified archaeal communities paired with paleo‐oceanographic proxies in a sedimentary record from the northern Red Sea spanning the last glacial–interglacial cycle (i.e., marine isotope stages 1–6; MIS1‐6). Our results show a strong significant correlation between subseafloor archaeal communities and drastic paleodepositional changes associated with glacial low vs. interglacial high stands (ANOSIM; R = .73; p = .001) and only a moderately strong correlation with lithological changes. Bathyarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, MBGA, and DHVEG‐1 were the most abundant identified archaeal groups. Whether they represented ancient cell lines from the time of deposition or migrated to the specific sedimentary horizons after deposition remains speculative. However, we show that the majority of sedimentary archaeal tetraether membrane lipids were of allochthonous origin and not produced in situ. Slow post‐burial growth under energy‐limited conditions would explain why the downcore distribution of these dominant archaeal groups still indirectly reflect changes in the paleodepositional environment that prevailed during the analyzed marine isotope stages. In addition, archaea seeded from the overlying water column such as Thaumarchaeota and group II and III Euryarchaeota, which were likely not have been able to subsist after burial, were identified from a lower abundance of preserved sedimentary DNA signatures, and represented direct markers of paleoenvironmental changes in the Red Sea spanning the last six marine isotope stages.

中文翻译：

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海底古细菌反映了北红海中139度的古沉积变化

人们认为，海底古细菌群落的垂直分布主要受沉积物中原位条件的控制，例如电子受体和施主的可用性，尽管在岩性边界也观察到了急剧的群落转移，这表明至少有一部分垂直分层的古细菌。形成沉积物沉积时发生的一致环境条件的长期遗传记录。为了证实这种可能性，我们对来自北红海的最后一个冰川-冰川间期（即海洋同位素阶段1-6）的沉积记录中的垂直分层古细菌群落和古海洋学代理进行了高度解析的16S rRNA基因调查。 ； MIS1-6）。R  = 0.73; p = .001），并且与岩性变化只有中等程度的相关性。Bathyarchaeota，Lokiarchaeota，MBGA和DHVEG-1是鉴定最多的古细菌群。它们是从沉积时代表古代细胞系，还是在沉积后迁移至特定的沉积层仍然是推测性的。但是，我们表明，大多数沉积古细菌四醚膜脂质是异源起源的，不是原位产生的。在能量有限的条件下，埋葬后的缓慢增长可以解释为什么这些优势古细菌群的下层分布仍然间接反映了在分析的海洋同位素阶段普遍存在的古沉积环境的变化。此外，古细菌是从上层水柱（如Thaumarchaeota和II和III组Euryarchaeota）中播种的，