Phytohormones are integral to the regulation of fruit development and maturation. This review expands upon current understanding of the relationship between hormone signaling and fruit development, emphasizing fleshy fruit and highlighting recent work in the model crop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and additional species. Fruit development comprises fruit set initiation, growth, and maturation and ripening. Fruit set transpires after fertilization and is associated with auxin and gibberellic acid (GA) signaling. Interaction between auxin and GAs, as well as other phytohormones, is mediated by auxin‐responsive Aux/IAA and ARF proteins. Fruit growth consists of cell division and expansion, the former shown to be influenced by auxin signaling. While regulation of cell expansion is less thoroughly understood, evidence indicates synergistic regulation via both auxin and GAs, with input from additional hormones. Fruit maturation, a transitional phase that precipitates ripening, occurs when auxin and GA levels subside with a concurrent rise in abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene. During fruit ripening, ethylene plays a clear role in climacteric fruits, whereas non‐climacteric ripening is generally associated with ABA. Recent evidence indicates varying requirements for both hormones within both ripening physiologies, suggesting rebalancing and specification of roles for common regulators rather than reliance upon one. Numerous recent discoveries pertaining to the molecular basis of hormonal activity and crosstalk are discussed, while we also note that many questions remain such as the molecular basis of additional hormonal activities, the role of epigenome changes, and how prior discoveries translate to the plethora of angiosperm species.

中文翻译：

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植物激素在水果发育和成熟中的作用

植物激素是调节水果发育和成熟所不可或缺的。这篇综述扩展了对激素信号传导与水果发育之间关系的当前理解，强调了肉质水果，并强调了模型作物番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）和其他物种的最新研究成果。果实的发育包括果实的初生，生长以及成熟和成熟。受精后果实结实，并与生长素和赤霉素（GA）信号有关。生长素应答性的Aux / IAA和ARF蛋白介导了生长素与GA和其他植物激素之间的相互作用。水果生长由细胞分裂和扩增组成，前者显示受生长素信号传导的影响。虽然对细胞扩增的调节尚不十分了解，但有证据表明，通过生长素和GA的协同调节，以及其他激素的输入。当生长素和GA水平下降，同时脱落酸（ABA）和乙烯含量同时上升时，就会发生果实成熟，这是促使成熟的过渡阶段。果实成熟期间，乙烯在更年期果实中扮演着明确的角色，而非更年期成熟通常与ABA有关。最近的证据表明，两种激素在成熟生理过程中对两种激素的要求各不相同，这表明对普通调节剂的作用进行了重新平衡和指定，而不是依赖一种调节剂。讨论了有关激素活性和串扰的分子基础的最新发现，同时我们还注意到仍然存在许多问题，例如其他激素活性的分子基础，表观基因组变化的作用以及先前的发现如何转化为过多的被子植物。种类。