This review is in line with the principles of bio‐inspiration and biomimicry in order to envisage a softer and more environmentally friendly chemistry. Here, the source of inspiration is a microalga from the oceans with the ability to build an exoskeleton of silica under ambient conditions. Following this model, this review is interested in different ways of creating porous silica films with a hierarchical porosity similar to diatoms. For this purpose, polymeric/hybrid/inorganic films structured in honeycomb using the breath figure method are reported. This versatile and easy to implement method based on the principle of rapid evaporation of a solvent in a humid atmosphere is widely used in the formation of structured films with micron‐sized pores. In addition to this, the self‐assembly of copolymer at the nanoscale can be addressed to obtain a hierarchically structured film. Following this structuration step, the degradation of a sacrificial block is then described from the most energy‐intensive to soft process, allowing an added nanoporosity to the micron porosity of the BF method. Finally, hierarchical porous silica films are described using the sol–gel process, which is known as a soft chemistry process.

中文翻译：

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结合嵌段共聚物自组装和软化​​学的生物启发性二氧化硅膜：为海水硅藻的人工外渗铺平道路

这项审查符合生物启发和仿生原理，以期设想一种更柔软，更环保的化学物质。在这里，灵感的来源是来自海洋的微藻，能够在环境条件下构建二氧化硅的外骨骼。根据该模型，本篇综述关注不同的方式来创建具有类似于硅藻的分级孔隙率的多孔二氧化硅膜。为此，报道了使用呼吸图法在蜂窝中构造的聚合物/混合/无机膜。这种基于湿气中溶剂快速蒸发原理的通用且易于实施的方法被广泛用于形成具有微米级孔的结构化膜。除此之外，可以解决共聚物在纳米级的自组装问题，以获得分层结构的薄膜。在此结构化步骤之后，然后描述了牺牲块从最耗能的过程到最软的过程的降解过程，从而为BF方法的微米孔隙率增加了纳米孔隙。最后，使用溶胶-凝胶工艺（称为软化学工艺）描述了分级多孔二氧化硅薄膜。