Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as contaminants of environmental concern following release from industrial practices and use of aqueous film–forming foam (AFFF). Of the identified PFAS in surface water samples from known AFFF release sites, perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) are frequently detected. The focus of the present study was to determine the effects of PFOS and PFHxS to the native (and common) fathead minnow, Pimephales promelas, over critical life stages of reproduction and development. Two separate, 42‐d experiments were carried out using sexually mature fish, exposed to either PFOS or PFHxS. Measured exposure concentrations for PFOS and PFHxS were 0, 44, 88, 140, and 231 µg/L and 0, 150, 300, 600, and 1200 µg/L, respectively. At day 21 of the adult exposure, eggs were collected and reared for 21 d to determine the effects of PFOS or PFHxS on development, growth, and survival of larvae. The no‐observable‐effect concentration (NOEC) for PFOS was 44 µg/L, and the lowest‐observable‐effect concentration was 88 µg/L based on reduced growth in juvenile (F1) fish. Effects from PFOS exposures that did not follow a standard dose–response curve were reduced gonadosomatic index in adult males (at 44 µg/L) and reduced fecundity in females (at 140 µg/L). There was no toxicity on apical endpoints to report on adult or juvenile fish exposed to PFHxS up to 1200 µg/L. Importantly, we note that both PFOS and PFHxS accumulated in gonads and liver of adult fish following the respective exposures. The present study supports previous literature on PFOS toxicity and accumulation in fathead minnows but resulted in a lower NOEC than previously established for this species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:811–819. © 2020 SETAC

中文翻译：

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在繁殖和发育的关键生命阶段暴露的黑头鲦鱼（Pimephales promelas）中全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟己烷磺酸的敏感性和积累

全氟和多氟烷基物质 (PFAS) 从工业实践中释放出来并使用水性成膜泡沫 (AFFF) 后，已成为环境问题的污染物。在已知 AFFF 释放地点的地表水样品中已确定的 PFAS 中，经常检测到全氟辛烷磺酸 (PFOS) 和全氟己烷磺酸 (PFHxS)。本研究的重点是确定全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟己烷磺酸对本地（和常见）黑头鲦鱼Pimephales promelas 的影响，在繁殖和发育的关键生命阶段。使用暴露于全氟辛烷磺酸或全氟己烷磺酸的性成熟鱼进行了两个独立的 42 天实验。全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟己烷磺酸的测量暴露浓度分别为 0、44、88、140 和 231 微克/升和 0、150、300、600 和 1200 微克/升。在成虫暴露的第 21 天，收集卵并饲养 21 天，以确定全氟辛烷磺酸或全氟己烷磺酸对幼虫发育、生长和存活的影响。PFOS 的无观察效应浓度 (NOEC) 为 44 µg/L，基于幼鱼 (F1) 生长减少，最低可观察效应浓度为 88 µg/L。PFOS 暴露不遵循标准剂量-反应曲线的影响是成年男性性腺指数降低（44 µg/L）和女性生育力降低（140 µg/L）。成年鱼或幼鱼暴露于高达 1200 微克/升的全氟己烷磺酸时，顶端终点没有毒性。重要的是，我们注意到 PFOS 和 PFHxS 在各自暴露后都在成年鱼的性腺和肝脏中积累。本研究支持先前关于全氟辛烷磺酸在黑头鲦鱼中的毒性和积累的文献，但导致该物种的 NOEC 低于先前确定的。环境毒理学化学2021；40：811-819。© 2020 SETAC