A metabolomics approach was used to explore the effects of Panax quinquefolius (PQ) and Acorus gramineus (AG) on learning and memory in rats with diabetic‐induced cognitive impairment. Thirty Wistar rats were divided into three groups, namely, the normal group, model group, and PQ–AG group (PQ–AG group, 1.80 g/kg/d). Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg/kg). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected via cisterna magna puncture, and the Morris water maze method was used to evaluate learning and memory in rats after 11 weeks of PQ–AG treatment. Metabolic profiling of CSF samples was performed by using UPLC–Q‐TOF–MS. Compared with the normal group, the escape latency of the Morris water maze was significantly prolonged in model group rats after 12 weeks (p < 0.01). Compared with the model group, however, the escape latency was significantly shortened in PQ–AG group rats (p < 0.05). In multivariate statistical analysis, we identified 33 potential biomarkers, and six biomarkers were altered by PQ–AG. These biomarkers were involved in the metabolism of pyrimidine; nicotinate, and nicotinamide; glycine, serine, and threonine; and ascorbate and aldarate. Taken collectively, our results indicate that PQ–AG can attenuate diabetic‐induced cognitive impairment by affecting a variety of metabolic pathways. Our results provide an experimental basis for studying the mechanism of action of PQ–AG.

中文翻译：

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西洋参和禾谷黄芪同时治疗认知功能障碍糖尿病大鼠脑脊液的代谢组学研究

代谢组学方法被用来研究西洋参（PQ）和禾本（Acorus gramineus）的作用（AG）对糖尿病引起的认知障碍大鼠学习记忆的影响。将30只Wistar大鼠分为三组，分别为正常组，模型组和PQ-AG组（PQ-AG组，1.80 g / kg / d）。腹膜内注射链脲佐菌素（65 mg / kg）可诱发糖尿病。PQ-AG治疗11周后，通过大水罐穿刺收集脑脊液（CSF），并使用莫里斯水迷宫法评估大鼠的学习和记忆能力。使用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS对CSF样品进行代谢谱分析。与正常组相比，模型组大鼠在12周后Morris水迷宫的逃避潜伏期显着延长（p  <0.01）。与模型组相比，PQ–AG组大鼠的逃避潜伏期显着缩短（p  ＜0.05）。在多变量统计分析中，我们确定了33个潜在的生物标记，并且PQ-AG改变了6个生物标记。这些生物标记物参与了嘧啶的代谢。烟酸酯和烟酰胺；甘氨酸，丝氨酸和苏氨酸；以及抗坏血酸和藻酸盐。总体而言，我们的结果表明，PQ-AG可通过影响多种代谢途径来减轻糖尿病引起的认知障碍。我们的结果为研究PQ-AG的作用机理提供了实验基础。