Abstract The flexible fiber-shaped electrodes that polypyrrole (PPy) and hydroquinone (HQ) derivatives coated on the surface of carbon fiber yarn (CFY) were synthesized by a simple one-step electrosynthesis. Besides, the effects of the size and structure of the HQ derivatives on the electrochemical performance of the doped PPy@CFY electrodes were analyzed. The study suggested that sodium lignosulfonate doped PPy@CFY (LS-PPy@CFY) exhibited a high specific capacitance of 245.89 F cm−3 at 0.26 A cm−3. The all-solid-state flexible fiber-shaped supercapacitor (AFFSC) based on two parallel LS-PPy@CFY electrodes showed a high specific capacitance of 50.08 F cm−3 and an excellent energy density of 4.45 mW h cm−3. Moreover, the AFFSC achieved prominent cyclic stability, maintaining 92.7% capacitance retention after 25,000 cycles, as well as excellent flexibility and mechanical stability which kept 89% capacitance retention after 5000 bending cycles. In addition, the AFFSC also exhibited good voltage and current scalability and potentiality in its practical application.

中文翻译：

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具有聚吡咯@碳纤维纱线电极和氧化还原活性掺杂剂的高性能柔性超级电容器的设计和制造

摘要 通过简单的一步电合成法合成了聚吡咯（PPy）和氢醌（HQ）衍生物包覆在碳纤维纱线（CFY）表面的柔性纤维状电极。此外，分析了HQ衍生物的尺寸和结构对掺杂PPy@CFY电极电化学性能的影响。该研究表明，木质素磺酸钠掺杂的 PPy@CFY（LS-PPy@CFY）在 0.26 A cm-3 下表现出 245.89 F cm-3 的高比电容。基于两个平行 LS-PPy@CFY 电极的全固态柔性纤维状超级电容器 (AFFSC) 表现出 50.08 F cm-3 的高比电容和 4.45 mW h cm-3 的优异能量密度。此外，AFFSC 实现了显着的循环稳定性，在 25,000 次循环后保持 92.7% 的电容保持率，以及出色的柔韧性和机械稳定性，在 5000 次弯曲循环后仍保持 89% 的电容保持率。此外，AFFSC 在实际应用中也表现出良好的电压和电流可扩展性和潜力。