The degradation of aquatic ecosystems, induced by worldwide intensification in the use of both land and aquatic resources, has highlighted the importance of managing water quality and the critical role of innovative diagnostic tools for defining robust management responses to anthropogenic pressures. In this study, we simultaneously analyzed the outputs of three diagnostic tools. Each diagnostic tool estimated the impairment probabilities by any given anthropogenic pressures in French shallow streams using taxonomy- and/or trait-based metrics of three biological compartments: benthic diatoms, macroinvertebrates and fishes. Our objective was to explore how the simultaneous analysis of the outputs of the three tools could be used to (i) disentangle the effects of multiple pressures and (ii) provide policy-relevant information for stream managers and decision makers. A large proportion of the impairment probabilities exhibited no significant temporal patterns over the two decades (61.5% to 87.8 %, depending on the used tests). Among time series exhibiting significant change, positive shifts in mean and slope as well as in general trends (i.e. degradation) occurred respectively in 4.6 %, 2.1 % and 6.9 % of the time series and were less frequent than negative ones (7.6 %, 4.7 % and 15.6 %, respectively), indicating a modest improvement in water quality over the study period. Biological compartments presented contrasted responses over time; none, one, two or three compartments exhibiting a significant temporal trend for the same site and pressure category. Convergent temporal responses over the three biological compartments were detected according to the pressure category (hydromorphology vs. water chemistry) and regional context (e.g., lowland plains vs. mountains, pristine vs. agricultural regions). Altogether, this study advocates that enhancing the integration of a variety of information on natural and anthropized environments should be a priority prior to implement evidence-based sustainable conservation and restoration actions.

全球范围内对土地和水生资源的利用日益加剧，导致水生生态系统退化，这突出了水质管理的重要性以及创新的诊断工具在确定对人为压力的有力管理对策方面的关键作用。在这项研究中，我们同时分析了三种诊断工具的输出。每个诊断工具都使用三种生物区系（底栖硅藻，大型无脊椎动物和鱼类）的分类和/或特征为基础的指标，通过法国浅水流中任何给定的人为压力来估计损害可能性。我们的目标是探索如何同时分析这三个工具的输出，以用于（i）消除多重压力的影响，以及（ii）为物流管理者和决策者提供与政策相关的信息。在过去的二十年中，很大一部分损伤概率没有表现出明显的时间模式（61.5％至87.8％，取决于所使用的测试）。在具有显着变化的时间序列中，平均值和斜率以及总体趋势（即退化）的正向移动分别发生在时间序列的4.6％，2.1％和6.9％处，并且不及负向发生率（7.6％，4.7 ％和15.6％），表明在研究期间水质有所改善。随着时间的流逝，生物区隔呈现出相反的反应。没有一个 对于相同的部位和压力类别，两个或三个隔室表现出明显的时间趋势。根据压力类别（水形态与水化学）和区域环境（例如低地平原与山区，原始与农业区域）检测了三个生物区室的收敛时间响应。总之，这项研究主张，在实施基于证据的可持续保护和恢复行动之前，应优先考虑增强有关自然和人为环境的各种信息的整合。水化学）和区域背景（例如低地平原与山脉，原始平原与农业地区）。总之，这项研究主张，在实施基于证据的可持续保护和恢复行动之前，应优先考虑增强有关自然和人为环境的各种信息的整合。水化学）和区域背景（例如低地平原与山脉，原始平原与农业地区）。总之，这项研究主张，在实施基于证据的可持续保护和恢复行动之前，应优先考虑增强有关自然和人为环境的各种信息的整合。