Studies reporting on associations between short-term exposure to outdoor fine (PM_2.5), and ultrafine particles (UFP) and blood pressure and lung function have been inconsistent. Few studies have characterized exposure by personal monitoring, which especially for UFP may have resulted in substantial exposure measurement error. We investigated the association between 24-h average personal UFP, PM_2.5, and soot exposure and dose and the health parameters blood pressure and lung function. We further assessed the short-term associations between outdoor concentrations measured at a central monitoring site and near the residences and these health outcomes.

We performed three 24-h personal exposure measurements for UFP, PM_2.5, and soot in 132 healthy adults from Basel (Switzerland), Amsterdam and Utrecht (the Netherlands), and Turin (Italy). Monitoring of each subject was conducted in different seasons in a one-year study period. Subject's activity levels and associated ventilation rates were measured using actigraphy to calculate the inhaled dose. After each 24-h monitoring session, blood pressure and lung function were measured. Contemporaneously with personal measurements, UFP, PM_2.5 and soot were measured outdoor at the subject's residential address and at a central site in the research area. Associations between short-term personal and outdoor exposure and dose to UFP, PM_2.5, and soot and health outcomes were tested using linear mixed effect models.

The 24-h mean personal, residential and central site outdoor UFP exposures were not associated with blood pressure or lung function. UFP mean exposures in the 2-h prior to the health test was also not associated with blood pressure and lung function. Personal, central site and residential PM_2.5 exposure were positively associated with systolic blood pressure (about 1.4 mmHg increase per Interquartile range). Personal soot exposure and dose were positively associated with diastolic blood pressure (1.2 and 0.9 mmHg increase per Interquartile range). No consistent associations between PM_2.5 or soot exposure and lung function were observed.

Short-term personal, residential outdoor or central site exposure to UFP was not associated with blood pressure or lung function. Short-term personal PM_2.5 and soot exposures were associated with blood pressure, but not lung function.

关于短期暴露于室外细粉（PM _2.5）和超细颗粒（UFP）与血压和肺功能之间的关联的研究报告不一致。很少有研究通过个人监测来表征暴露，特别是对于UFP可能导致大量暴露测量误差。我们调查了24小时个人平均UFP，PM _2.5和烟尘暴露量和剂量与健康参数血压和肺功能之间的关系。我们进一步评估了在中央监测点和住宅附近测得的室外浓度与这些健康结果之间的短期关联。

我们对来自瑞士巴塞尔，阿姆斯特丹和乌得勒支（荷兰）以及都灵（意大利）的132名健康成年人的UFP，PM _2.5和烟灰进行了三个24小时个人暴露量测。在一年的研究期内，在不同的季节对每个受试者进行监测。使用心动描记法测量受试者的活动水平和相关的通气率以计算吸入剂量。每次24小时监测后，测量血压和肺功能。在进行个人测量的同时，在受试者的住所地址和研究区域的中心位置对UFP，PM _2.5和烟灰进行了室外测量。短期个人和室外暴露与UFP，PM _2.5剂量之间的关联，并使用线性混合效应模型测试了烟灰和健康结果。

24小时的平均个人，住宅和中心站点户外UFP暴露与血压或肺功能无关。健康测试之前2小时内的UFP平均暴露量也与血压和肺功能无关。个人，中心地点和居民的PM _2.5暴露与收缩压呈正相关（每个四分位间距约增加1.4 mmHg）。个人烟尘暴露和剂量与舒张压呈正相关（每四分位间距增加1.2和0.9 mmHg）。在PM _2.5或烟灰暴露与肺功能之间未观察到一致的关联。

短期个人，住宅室外或中心场所暴露于UFP与血压或肺功能无关。短期个人PM _2.5和烟灰暴露与血压有关，但与肺功能无关。