Abstract Particles make extensively physical contact with cells after entering the body, which mediate a series of particle-cell interaction processes. These interaction processes induce different physiological responses of cells and indicate the potential biomedical applications of particles. Hence, controlling the particle-cell interaction processes have been attracting more and more attentions. Among factors that affect particle-cell interaction processes, regulating particle multiscale structures is the most dominant. To date, numerous principles have been developed, including integrating particles with different physicochemical properties such as size, shape, elasticity and surface chemistry by various preparation technologies, coating particle surface with cell membrane to endow its biomimetic properties, taking advantage of the particle's dimensional effect, etc. In this review, we will highlight recent progresses on these principles, and corresponding biomedical applications in drug delivery, immune modulation and tissue engineering. The challenges and perspectives of regulating particle multiscale structures for controlling interaction processes will also be discussed.

中文翻译：

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调控粒子多尺度结构控制粒子-细胞相互作用过程的原理

摘要 粒子进入人体后与细胞进行广泛的物理接触，介导了一系列的粒子-细胞相互作用过程。这些相互作用过程诱导细胞的不同生理反应，并表明粒子的潜在生物医学应用。因此，控制粒子-细胞相互作用过程已经引起越来越多的关注。在影响粒子-细胞相互作用过程的因素中，调节粒子多尺度结构是最主要的。迄今为止，已经开发了许多原理，包括通过各种制备技术整合具有不同物理化学性质（如大小、形状、弹性和表面化学）的粒子，在粒子表面涂上细胞膜以赋予其仿生特性，利用粒子的优势。s 维效应等。在这篇综述中，我们将重点介绍这些原理的最新进展，以及相应的生物医学在药物递送、免疫调节和组织工程方面的应用。还将讨论调节粒子多尺度结构以控制相互作用过程的挑战和前景。