Sugarcane crops management in Brazil includes the use of pesticides, as well as alternative organic fertilizers such as vinasse obtained from waste of the ethanol industry. In order to assess the effects of the environmental contamination generated by such sugarcane practices, this study was aimed to investigate the effects of the pesticides 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and fipronil, as well as vinasse, on the survival, behavior, and reproduction of the native epibenthic macroinvertebrate Hyalella meinerti through in situ and laboratory experiments. In situ assays were conducted in mesocosms with six treatments, i.e. untreated control, 2,4-D, fipronil, and vinasse, the mixture of the two pesticides, and both pesticides mixed with vinasse. Survival, swimming behavior, and reproduction were evaluated over time post contamination, from 0−96 h (T1) and 7–14 days (T2) through in situ experiments and 30–44 days (T3) and 75–89 days (T4) post contamination by laboratory bioassays with mesocosm water. In the T1 period, survival of H. meinerti was registered only in controls and mesocosms treated with 2,4-D. In the T2 period, treatments containing fipronil and vinasse (isolated or in both mixture treatments) still caused 100 % of mortality. Survival was recorded only in 2,4-D and control treatments, whereas reproduction only occurred in the control. In the T3 period, no survival occurred to fipronil and both mixture treatments. Vinasse and 2,4-D decreased total reproduction in comparison to control. In the T4 period, amphipods survival was detected when exposed to fipronil and its mixture with 2,4-D. However, these same treatments decreased the amplexus rates and total reproduction, with synergism denoted for the pesticide mixture. The swimming activity of males, females, and couples was decreased in surviving organisms exposed to 2,4-D, fipronil, vinasse, and the mixture of pesticides along all experimental periods. Our study showed that the application of fipronil, 2,4-D, and vinasse isolated or mixed at realistic concentrations of actual sugarcane management practices may negatively impact functional responses of indigenous amphipods in natural aquatic systems.

巴西的甘蔗作物管理包括使用杀虫剂，以及其他替代性有机肥料，例如从乙醇工业废料中获得的酒糟。为了评估这种甘蔗做法对环境造成的影响，本研究旨在调查农药2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸（2,4-D）和氟虫腈以及酒糟对酒糟的影响。上表皮无脊椎动物Hyalella meinerti的存活，行为和繁殖通过原位和实验室实验。用六种处理方法对中膜进行原位分析，即未经处理的对照，2,4-D，氟虫腈和酒糟，两种农药的混合物以及两种农药与酒糟的混合。评估污染后一段时间内的存活，游泳行为和繁殖，从原位实验到0-96 h（T1）和7-14天（T2），到30-44天（T3）和75-89天（T4）通过实验室生物测定法用中膜水进行污染后。在T1时期，meinerti的生存仅在用2,4-D处理过的对照和中膜中注册。在T2期，含氟虫腈和酒糟的治疗（单独或两种混合治疗）仍导致100％的死亡率。仅在2，4-D和对照处理中记录存活，而繁殖仅在对照中发生。在T3期，氟虫腈和两种混合物治疗均无生存期。与对照相比，Vinasse和2,4-D降低了总繁殖。在T4期，当暴露于氟虫腈及其与2,4-D的混合物时，可检测出两栖动物的存活。但是，这些相同的处理降低了丛生率和总繁殖力，其中农药混合物表现出协同作用。在2,4-D，氟虫腈，酒糟，以及所有实验期间的农药混合物。我们的研究表明，在实际浓度的实际甘蔗管理实践中，分离或混合使用氟虫腈，2,4-D和酒糟，可能会对天然水生动物在自然水生系统中的功能响应产生负面影响。