Courtship in Drosophila involves exchange of chemosensory, auditory, tactile and visual signals. Differences in courtship signals are strongly influenced by environmental factors, among which nutrition plays one of the more important roles. Through influence on development, morphology, physiology and behaviour, nutrition may affect both sexual selection and isolation. However, the impact of specific nutritive regimes on male mating success has not been extensively studied. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore how diets affect male attractiveness via changes in wing morphology during long-term rearing of flies on different diets. Through a series of female choice tests, we investigated the mating success of males reared on five different diets for more than 350 generations. Further, we analysed wing size and wing shape of mated and unmated males to link wing morphology with mating success. The results demonstrate significant differences in male mating success between strains. We also found significant differences in wing size between the strains and established that female choice is positively correlated with male wing size, that is, females of all strains preferred males with larger wings. In addition, we noted a significant difference in wing shape between the strains, as well as between mated and unmated males. Our results indicated that among strains, males with elongated wings were more successful in mating than males with rounded wings. Within strains, mated males had more elongated wings than unmated ones, which had more rounded wings. Our results support the hypothesis that nutrition represents an important environmental factor that may affect male attractiveness via changes in wing morphology, thereby playing an important role in sexual selection of Drosophila melanogaster.

中文翻译：

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不同的饮食可以通过翅膀形态的变化影响黑腹果蝇雄性的吸引力

果蝇的求爱涉及化学感应、听觉、触觉和视觉信号的交换。求偶信号的差异受到环境因素的强烈影响，其中营养起着更为重要的作用之一。通过影响发育、形态、生理和行为，营养可能会影响性选择和隔离。然而，特定营养方案对雄性交配成功的影响尚未得到广泛研究。因此，本研究的目的是探索在长期饲养不同饮食的苍蝇期间，饮食如何通过翅膀形态的变化影响雄性吸引力。通过一系列雌性选择测试，我们调查了 350 代以上以五种不同饮食饲养的雄性的交配成功率。更多，我们分析了交配和未交配雄性的翅膀大小和翅膀形状，以将翅膀形态与交配成功联系起来。结果表明品系之间雄性交配成功率存在显着差异。我们还发现品系之间的翅膀大小存在显着差异，并确定雌性选择与雄性翅膀大小呈正相关，即所有品系的雌性都喜欢翅膀较大的雄性。此外，我们注意到品系之间以及交配和未交配雄性之间的翅膀形状存在显着差异。我们的结果表明，在品系中，长翅膀的雄性比圆翅的雄性更容易交配。在品系内，交配的雄性比未交配的雄性有更多的细长翅膀，后者的翅膀更圆。