Compelling evidence suggests that phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPPs) are involved in a large spectrum of physiological and pathological processes, but little is known about their roles in pancreatic cancer. We investigated the expression level, prognostic value, and potential function of PPPs with data from Oncomine, GEPIA, THPA, and TCGA databases and an independent cohort of patients with pancreatic cancer. Among all the PPP catalytic subunits (PPPcs), the transcription levels of PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, and PPP4C were higher in pancreatic cancer than in normal pancreas (P < 0.01, fold change > 2). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that high transcription levels of PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, PPP3CA, and PPP4C correlated with poorer survival. In contrast, patients with high levels of PPP3CB, PPP3CC, PPP5C, PPP6C, and PPEF2 had much better prognoses. Data from THPA and patients with pancreatic cancer enrolled in our hospital also confirmed the prognostic value of PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, PPP3CA, PPP3CB, and PPP6C at the protein level. In addition, the Pearson Chi-square test showed that PPP3CB levels were significantly correlated with T and N stages. GO and KEGG analyses showed that the genes and pathways related to the pathogenesis and progression of pancreatic cancer were greatly affected by alterations in PPPcs. Results of this study suggest that PPP1CA, PPP1CB, PPP2CA, PPP2CB, and PPP3CA have deleterious effects but PPP3CB, PPP5C, and PPP6C have beneficial effects on pancreatic cancer.

中文翻译：

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磷蛋白磷酸酶催化亚基基因在胰腺癌中的作用。

令人信服的证据表明，磷蛋白磷酸酶 (PPPs) 参与了广泛的生理和病理过程，但对其在胰腺癌中的作用知之甚少。我们使用来自 Oncomine、GEPIA、THPA 和 TCGA 数据库的数据以及一个独立的胰腺癌患者队列研究了 PPPs 的表达水平、预后价值和潜在功能。在所有PPP催化亚基（PPPcs）中，胰腺癌中PPP1CA、PPP1CB、PPP3CA、PPP3CB和PPP4C的转录水平高于正常胰腺（P < 0.01，倍数变化> 2）。Kaplan-Meier 分析表明，PPP1CA、PPP1CB、PPP2CA、PPP2CB、PPP3CA 和 PPP4C 的高转录水平与较差的存活率相关。相比之下，PPP3CB、PPP3CC、PPP5C、PPP6C、PPEF2 的预后要好得多。THPA和我院入院胰腺癌患者的数据也证实了PPP1CA、PPP1CB、PPP2CA、PPP2CB、PPP3CA、PPP3CB和PPP6C在蛋白质水平上的预后价值。此外，Pearson 卡方检验显示 PPP3CB 水平与 T 和 N 阶段显着相关。GO 和 KEGG 分析表明，与胰腺癌发病和进展相关的基因和通路受 PPPcs 改变的影响很大。这项研究的结果表明，PPP1CA、PPP1CB、PPP2CA、PPP2CB 和 PPP3CA 具有有害作用，而 PPP3CB、PPP5C 和 PPP6C 对胰腺癌具有有益作用。PPP3CA、PPP3CB 和 PPP6C 在蛋白质水平。此外，Pearson 卡方检验显示 PPP3CB 水平与 T 和 N 阶段显着相关。GO 和 KEGG 分析表明，与胰腺癌发病和进展相关的基因和通路受 PPPcs 改变的影响很大。这项研究的结果表明，PPP1CA、PPP1CB、PPP2CA、PPP2CB 和 PPP3CA 具有有害作用，而 PPP3CB、PPP5C 和 PPP6C 对胰腺癌具有有益作用。PPP3CA、PPP3CB 和 PPP6C 在蛋白质水平。此外，Pearson 卡方检验显示 PPP3CB 水平与 T 和 N 阶段显着相关。GO 和 KEGG 分析表明，与胰腺癌发病和进展相关的基因和通路受 PPPcs 改变的影响很大。这项研究的结果表明，PPP1CA、PPP1CB、PPP2CA、PPP2CB 和 PPP3CA 具有有害作用，而 PPP3CB、PPP5C 和 PPP6C 对胰腺癌具有有益作用。