The technological development of piezoelectric materials is crucial for developing wearable and flexible electromechanical devices. There are many inorganic materials with piezoelectric effects, such as piezoelectric ceramics, aluminum nitride and zinc oxide. They all have very high piezoelectric coefficients and large piezoelectric response ranges. The characteristics of high hardness and low tenacity make inorganic piezoelectric materials unsuitable for flexible devices that require frequent bending. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its derivatives are the most popular materials used in flexible electromechanical devices in recent years and have high flexibility, high sensitivity, high ductility and a certain piezoelectric coefficient. Owing to increasing the piezoelectric coefficient of PVDF, researchers are committed to optimizing PVDF materials and enhancing their polarity by a series of means to further improve their mechanical–electrical conversion efficiency. This paper reviews the latest PVDF-related optimization-based materials, related processing and polarization methods and the applications of these materials in, e.g., wearable functional devices, chemical sensors, biosensors and flexible actuator devices for flexible micro-electromechanical devices. We also discuss the challenges of wearable devices based on flexible piezoelectric polymer, considering where further practical applications could be.

中文翻译：

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柔性机电装置用聚偏二氟乙烯的复合材料、制造和应用：综述


压电材料的技术发展对于开发可穿戴和柔性机电设备至关重要。具有压电效应的无机材料有很多，如压电陶瓷、氮化铝、氧化锌等。它们都具有非常高的压电系数和大的压电响应范围。高硬度、低韧性的特性使得无机压电材料不适合用于需要频繁弯曲的柔性器件。聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）及其衍生物是近年来柔性机电器件中最常用的材料，具有高柔韧性、高灵敏度、高延展性和一定的压电系数。由于提高PVDF的压电系数，研究人员致力于通过一系列手段优化PVDF材料并增强其极性，以进一步提高其机电转换效率。本文综述了最新的PVDF相关优化材料、相关加工和偏振方法以及这些材料在可穿戴功能器件、化学传感器、生物传感器和柔性微机电器件的柔性执行器器件中的应用。我们还讨论了基于柔性压电聚合物的可穿戴设备所面临的挑战，并考虑了进一步的实际应用。