Abstract

Inter- and intraspecies communication between microorganisms is recognized to play an influential role across many relevant applications, such as bioethanol production, food preservation, bioremediation, wastewater treatment, and in the clinical environment. At high population densities, the accumulation of small hormone-like molecules in the extracellular environment has been demonstrated to play a role in transcriptional regulation of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. This mechanism enables independent cells, known as the quorum, to trigger coordinated, community-wide gene expression, increasing their prospect of survival in crowded and ever-changing conditions. This density-dependent phenomenon has been shown to influence community-wide behavioral factors, such as biofilm formation, virulence factor secretion, social motility, cellular adhesion, autolysis, secondary metabolite production, and nutrient uptake across a range of organisms. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, aromatic alcohols 2-phenylethanol, tryptophol, and tyrosol have already been demonstrated to act as quorum sensing molecules under certain environmental conditions, such as low-nitrogen availability. This review discusses the underlying mechanisms of quorum sensing, with an emphasis on brewer's yeast, while offering insights into how cell density-dependent signaling could influence the commercial brewing industry.

摘要

微生物之间的种间和种内交流被认为在许多相关应用中发挥着重要作用，例如生物乙醇生产、食品保存、生物修复、废水处理和临床环境。在高人口密度下，细胞外环境中小激素样分子的积累已被证明在原核和真核微生物的转录调控中发挥作用。这种机制使称为群体的独立细胞能够触发协调的、社区范围的基因表达，增加它们在拥挤和不断变化的条件下的生存前景。这种密度依赖现象已被证明会影响社区范围的行为因素，例如生物膜形成、毒力因子分泌、社会活动、一系列生物体的细胞粘附、自溶、次级代谢产物的产生和营养吸收。在酿酒酵母、芳香醇 2-苯基乙醇、色氨酸和酪醇已被证明在某些环境条件下（例如低氮可用性）充当群体感应分子。这篇综述讨论了群体感应的潜在机制，重点是啤酒酵母，同时提供了关于细胞密度依赖性信号如何影响商业酿酒业的见解。