We investigated the effects of variations in the 4 primary mid-latitude large-scale atmos pheric circulation patterns on nutrients potentially limiting phytoplankton growth in the Mediterranean Sea (nitrate and phosphate), with a focus on the key deep convective areas of the basin (Gulf of Lions, Southern Adriatic Sea, Southern Aegean Sea and Rhodes Gyre). Monthly indices of these 4 modes of variability, together with a high-resolution hindcast of the Mediterranean Sea physics and biogeochemistry covering the period 1961−1999, were used to determine the physical mechanisms explaining the influence of these patterns on nutrient distribution and variability. We found a decrease in the concentration of phosphate and nitrate for each unit of increase in the index values of the East Atlantic and East Atlantic/West Russian variability modes in the area of the Gulf of Lions, while a signal of the opposite sign was associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation in the Aegean Sea and Rhodes Gyre. In both cases, the variability observed was re lated to a significant variation in the mixed layer depth driven by heat losses and wind stress over the areas. The East Atlantic pattern played a major role in driving the long-term dynamics of both phosphate and nitrate availability in the Gulf of Lions, with a particularly pronounced effect in December and January. For both the Aegean Sea and Rhodes Gyre, the most prominent correlations were found between the North Atlantic Oscillation and phosphate, with a highly consistent be havior in the 2 areas associated with common physical forcing and exchange of properties among them.

中文翻译：

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1961-1999年延长冬季（10月-3月）大尺度大气环流模式对地中海养分动态的影响

我们研究了 4 个主要中纬度大尺度大气环流模式的变化对可能限制地中海浮游植物生长的营养物质（硝酸盐和磷酸盐）的影响，重点关注盆地的关键深对流区（海湾狮子、南亚得里亚海、南爱琴海和罗得斯环流）。这 4 种变异模式的月度指数，连同 1961 年至 1999 年期间地中海物理和生物地球化学的高分辨率后报，被用来确定解释这些模式对养分分布和变异性影响的物理机制。我们发现，狮子湾地区东大西洋和东大西洋/西俄罗斯变异模式的指数值每增加一个单位，磷酸盐和硝酸盐的浓度就会降低，而相反符号的信号与之相关随着爱琴海的北大西洋涛动和罗得斯环流。在这两种情况下，观察到的变异性都与受热损失和区域风应力驱动的混合层深度的显着变化有关。东大西洋模式在推动狮子湾磷酸盐和硝酸盐供应的长期动态方面发挥了重要作用，在 12 月和 1 月的影响尤为明显。对于爱琴海和罗德环流，在北大西洋涛动和磷酸盐之间发现了最显着的相关性，