Decompression sickness (DCS) is a systemic pathophysiological process featured by bubble load . Lung dysfunction plays a harmful effect on off-gassing, which contributes to bubble load and subsequent DCS occurrence. This study aimed to investigate the effects of pulmonary surfactant on DCS as it possessed multiple advantages on the lung. Rats were divided into three groups: the normal (n = 10), the surfactant (n = 36) and the saline (n = 36) group. Animals in surfactant or saline group were administered aerosol surfactant or saline 12 h before a stimulated diving, respectively. Signs of DCS were recorded and bubble load was detected. The contents of phospholipid and surfactant protein A (SPA), protein, IL-1 and IL-6 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio were determined. Serum levels of IL-6, ICAM-1, E-selectin, GSH and GSSG were detected. In surfactant treated rats, the morbidity and mortality of DCS markedly decreased (^**P < 0.01, ^*P < 0.05, respectively). Survival time prolonged and the latency to DCS dramatically delayed (^**P < 0.01). More importantly, bubble load markedly decreased (^**P < 0.01). The increases of protein, IL-1 and IL-6 in BALF and lung W/D ratio were alleviated. Restoration of total phospholipid and SPA in BALF and ICAM-1 and E-selectin in serum were observed. The inflammation and oxidation were attenuated (^# P < 0.01). In conclusion, pre-diving administrating exogenous surfactant by aerosolization is an efficient, simple and safe method for DCS prevention in rats.

中文翻译：

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肺表面活性物质对大鼠减压病的保护作用

减压病（DCS）是一种以气泡负荷为特征的全身性病理生理过程。肺功能障碍对除气有有害影响，这会导致气泡负荷和随后的DCS发生。这项研究旨在研究肺表面活性剂对DCS的影响，因为DCS对肺具有多种优势。大鼠分为三组：正常组（n = 10），表面活性剂（n = 36）和生理盐水（n = 36）组。表面活性剂或生理盐水组的动物分别在刺激潜水前12小时施用气溶胶表面活性剂或生理盐水。记录DCS的迹象并检测到气泡载荷。测定了支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中的磷脂和表面活性剂蛋白A（SPA），蛋白，IL-1和IL-6的含量以及肺的干湿比（W / D）。血清IL-6，ICAM-1，E-选择素，检测到GSH和GSSG。在用表面活性剂治疗的大鼠中，DCS的发病率和死亡率显着降低（^** P <0.01，^* P <0.05）。生存时间延长，到DCS的延迟显着延迟（^** P <0.01）。更重要的是，气泡载荷显着降低（^** P <0.01）。BALF中蛋白质，IL-1和IL-6的增加以及肺W / D比得到缓解。观察到BALF，ICAM-1和血清E-选择素中总磷脂和SPA的恢复。炎症和氧化被减毒（^＃ P <0.01）。总之，通过雾化预先施用外源性表面活性剂是预防大鼠DCS的有效，简单和安全的方法。