Levels of smoking and smoking initiation have been found to increase during the transition to adulthood. Symptoms of depression and anxiety may both precede or follow smoking behavior, yet there is equivocal evidence regarding the direction of this relationship. The aim of the current study was to examine the direction of this relationship in a group of young adult backpackers who traveled to social environments which are permissive of smoking. The current study involved a quasi‐experimental design examining 199 (52% men, mean age 24.27, SD = 1.05 years at time 1) young adults, before, during and following a backpacking experience of at least six months. Regression analyses was used to examine the association between smoking and symptoms of depression and anxiety over time. Relative to smoking levels before the journey, a significant transient increase in smoking was found during the journey. The increase in smoking during the journey predicted increases in both depressive and anxiety symptoms following the journey. The reverse direction models were not significant. Our study suggests that social contexts which are permissive of smoking, such as backpacking, increase young adult smoking behavior. Mood symptoms did not contribute to the observed increase in smoking behavior but, inversely, increases in smoking contributed to heightened mood symptoms. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to explore the role that smoking behavior plays in young adults’ mental health.

中文翻译：

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青年背包客的吸烟行为以及抑郁和焦虑症状：一项简短的纵向研究结果

已经发现，在成年期间，吸烟和吸烟引发的水平会增加。抑郁和焦虑的症状可能在吸烟行为之前或之后，但是关于这种关系的方向尚有模棱两可的证据。当前研究的目的是在一群年轻的成年人背包客中探讨这种关系的方向，这些背包客前往允许吸烟的社交环境。当前的研究涉及一项准实验设计，研究了至少六个月的背包旅行前后，期间和之后的199位年轻人（52％的男性，平均年龄24.27，SD在时间1为1.05岁）。回归分析用于检验吸烟与长期抑郁和焦虑症状之间的关系。相对于旅途前的吸烟水平，在旅途中发现吸烟明显增加。旅途中吸烟的增加预示了旅途中抑郁和焦虑症状的增加。反向模型并不重要。我们的研究表明，允许吸烟的社交环境（例如背包旅行）会增加年轻人吸烟的行为。情绪症状并没有促进观察到的吸烟行为的增加，但相反，吸烟的增加却导致了情绪症状的加剧。还需要进行其他纵向研究，以探索吸烟行为在年轻人的心理健康中的作用。反向模型并不重要。我们的研究表明，允许吸烟的社交环境（例如背包旅行）会增加年轻人吸烟的行为。情绪症状并没有促进观察到的吸烟行为的增加，但相反，吸烟的增加却导致了情绪症状的加剧。还需要进行其他纵向研究，以探索吸烟行为在年轻人的心理健康中的作用。反向模型并不重要。我们的研究表明，允许吸烟的社交环境（例如背包旅行）会增加年轻人吸烟的行为。情绪症状并没有促进观察到的吸烟行为的增加，但相反，吸烟的增加却导致了情绪症状的加剧。还需要进行其他纵向研究，以探索吸烟行为在年轻人的心理健康中的作用。