The recovery phase is a critical period during equine anaesthesia. In an attempt to reduce the risk of recovery, several recovery systems, including head and tail ropes, have been developed over time. However, the clinical safety and efficacy of these systems have not been compared to a nonassisted group in a larger study. The objective of this comparative, retrospective, nonrandomised single-centre study was to determine whether the risk of developing fatal and nonfatal complications after general anaesthesia is reduced in horses assisted with head and tail ropes during recovery compared with horses recovering unassisted. Included were all horses undergoing general anaesthesia at the Large Animal Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, from 2010 to 2019. Analysed data included age, body mass, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of physical status (ASA score), type of surgery and anaesthetic duration. Complications were divided into none, fatal and nonfatal. Logistic regression was performed to analyse the risk and predictors of fatal and nonfatal complications using the built-in R function ‘step’. Tukey’s honest significance difference test was applied to determine significance, set at P<0.05, within the categorical variables of the reduced models. The study included 1252 horses: 662 recovered with assistance (group A) and 590 without (group NA). Overall recovery-associated mortality was 1.4%: 0.6% in group A and 2.2% in group NA. Both emergency abdominal surgery (P = 0.004) and duration of surgery (P = 0.0001) affected the risk of fatal complications negatively. Assisted recovery (P = 0.02) significantly reduced the risk of fatal complications after emergency abdominal surgery. The limitation of the study was a lack of randomisation and potentially a larger proportion of sedation among assisted horses. It was concluded that emergency abdominal surgery and duration of anaesthesia are significant risk factors for fatal complications during recovery. Head and tail rope-assisted recovery is a significant factor of reducing fatal complications during recovery after emergency abdominal surgery.

中文翻译：

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全身麻醉下择期急诊手术后头尾绳辅助马匹恢复效果

恢复阶段是马麻醉期间的关键时期。为了降低恢复的风险，随着时间的推移，已经开发了几种恢复系统，包括头绳和尾绳。然而，这些系统的临床安全性和有效性尚未在更大的研究中与非辅助组进行比较。这项比较性、回顾性、非随机单中心研究的目的是确定在恢复期间使用头绳和尾绳辅助的马与未辅助恢复的马相比，全身麻醉后发生致命和非致命并发症的风险是否降低。包括 2010 年至 2019 年在丹麦哥本哈根大学大型动物医院接受全身麻醉的所有马匹。分析的数据包括年龄、体重、美国麻醉医师协会的身体状况等级（ASA 评分）、手术类型和麻醉持续时间。并发症分为none ,致命的和非致命的. 使用内置的 R 函数“步骤”进行逻辑回归以分析致命和非致命并发症的风险和预测因素。应用 Tukey 的诚实显着性差异检验来确定简化模型的分类变量内的显着性，设置为 P<0.05。该研究包括 1252 匹马：662 匹在辅助下恢复（A 组）和 590 匹没有恢复（NA 组）。总体恢复相关死亡率为 1.4%：A 组为 0.6%，NA 组为 2.2%。紧急腹部手术（P = 0.004）和手术时间（P = 0.0001）都对致命并发症的风险产生负面影响。辅助康复 (P = 0.02) 显着降低了紧急腹部手术后致命并发症的风险。该研究的局限性在于缺乏随机性，并且在辅助马中可能有更大比例的镇静剂。得出的结论是，紧急腹部手术和麻醉持续时间是恢复期间致命并发症的重要危险因素。头尾绳辅助恢复是减少紧急腹部手术后恢复过程中致命并发症的重要因素。