In this research, to enhance the efficiency of polyacrylonitrile, iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles were added to membrane matrix and M(0,1) (PA/^FePAN) membrane was fabricated. To boost the effectiveness, the iron oxide/zirconium oxide composite nanoparticles (Zr©Fe) were added to the superficial polyamide layer to synthesize M(1,0) (^Zr©^FePA/PAN) membrane. In order to investigate the supplement role of Fe₃O₄ and Zr©Fe nanoparticles, both nanoparticles were added to PAN substrate and PA superficial layer, respectively, to fabricate M(1,1) (^Zr©^FePA/^FePAN) membrane. The performance of nanocomposite membranes was compared with that of M(0,0) (PA/PAN) raw membrane. The results indicated that the contact angle of M(0,0), M(0,1), M(1,0), and M(1,1) membranes was 38, 32, 28, and 21, respectively. Presence of nanoparticles enhanced the membrane porosity, such that the porosity of M(0,0), M(1,0), M(0,1), and M(1,1) membranes was 24%, 27%, 30%, and 33%, respectively. MWCO for M(0,0), M(0,1), M(1,0), and M(1,1) membranes was 610, 595, 380, and 330 Dalton, respectively. Presence of nanoparticles reduced fouling from 22% for M(0,0) membrane to zero for M(1,1) membrane. Presence of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles and Zr©Fe composite nanoparticles concurrently in both membrane layers eventually caused M(1,1) to have around 23% greater flux and 68% higher efficiency for cephalexin rejection compared to M(0,0).

中文翻译：

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氧化铁和氧化锆纳米颗粒作为先进复合化合物的补充作用，可增强薄膜纳米复合膜的效率

在这项研究中，为了提高聚丙烯腈的效率，将氧化铁（Fe ₃ O ₄）纳米粒子添加到膜基质中，并制造了M（0,1）（PA / ^Fe PAN）膜。为了提高效率，将氧化铁/氧化锆复合纳米颗粒（Zr©Fe）添加到表面聚酰胺层中以合成M（1,0）（^Zr © ^Fe PA / PAN）膜。为了研究Fe ₃ O ₄和Zr©Fe纳米粒子的补充作用，将这两种纳米粒子分别添加到PAN衬底和PA表层，以制造M（1,1）（^Zr © ^Fe PA / ^FePAN）膜。将纳米复合膜的性能与M（0,0）（PA / PAN）原始膜的性能进行了比较。结果表明，M（0,0），M（0,1），M（1,0）和M（1,1）膜的接触角分别为38、32、28和21。纳米颗粒的存在增强了膜的孔隙率，因此M（0,0），M（1,0），M（0,1）和M（1,1）膜的孔隙率为24％，27％，30 ％和33％。M（0,0），M（0,1），M（1,0）和M（1,1）膜的MWCO分别为610、595、380和330道尔顿。纳米颗粒的存在将结垢率从M（0,0）膜的22％降低到M（1,1）膜的零。Fe ₃ O _4的存在 与M（0,0）相比，纳米粒子和Zr©Fe复合纳米粒子同时在两个膜层中最终导致M（1,1）的通量增加约23％，而头孢氨苄抑制率提高68％。