Ghost sharks (subclass Holocephali) remain a largely data‐poor group of cartilaginous fishes. The general paucity of attention may partially be related to identification and unresolved taxonomic issues, occurrence in the deep oceans, and their low value and interest in fisheries (which some notable exceptions). Here, we synthesize and assess the extinction risk of all known extant ghost sharks (52 species) by applying the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Categories and Criteria. Ghost sharks have a low proportion of threatened (8%) and Near Threatened (8%) species, with most species (69%) assessed as Least Concern. The group still exhibits some data deficiency (15%), and biological information is lacking for most species. Endemism is high, with 37% of species known from only one location or one country. Species richness was highest in the Northeast Atlantic, off the northwest coast of Africa (Morocco to Mauritania), the East China Sea, New Zealand and off the northwest coast of South America (Ecuador and Peru). Ghost sharks are predominately taken as by‐catch, but some targeted fishing and/or retention for the liver oil trade occurs. Species‐specific reporting, monitoring and management are required to assess population trends, and further investigation is needed on trade and use, particularly for higher risk species including the sicklefin chimaeras (genus Neoharriotta) and the American Elephantfish (Callorhynchus callorhynchus, Callorhinidae).

中文翻译：

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深海的幽灵–生物多样性，渔业和幽灵鲨的灭绝风险

幽灵鲨（Holocephali的子类别）仍然是软骨鱼类中数据贫乏的群体。普遍缺乏关注可能部分与识别和未解决的生物分类问题，在深海的发生及其对渔业的低价值和兴趣（某些显着例外）有关。在这里，我们通过应用IUCN濒危物种红色名录和标准，综合并评估了所有已知现存幽灵鲨（52种）的灭绝风险。幽灵鲨的受威胁物种（8％）和受近威胁物种（8％）的比例较低，其中大多数物种（69％）被评估为“最不关注”物种。该小组仍然表现出一些数据不足（15％），并且大多数物种都缺乏生物学信息。地方病流行率很高，仅在一处或一个国家就知道37％的物种。物种丰富度最高的是东北大西洋，非洲的西北海岸（摩洛哥到毛里塔尼亚），东海，新西兰和南美的西北海岸（厄瓜多尔和秘鲁）。幽灵鲨鱼主要被当作副渔获物，但发生了一些针对性捕捞和/或保留肝油交易的活动。需要进行针对物种的报告，监测和管理，以评估人口趋势，还需要对贸易和使用进行进一步调查，尤其是对于镰刀形Chimaeras（属）等高风险物种Neoharriotta）和美国象鱼（Callorhynchus callorhynchus，Callorhinidae）。