In situ 3D printing is an emerging technique designed for patient-specific needs and performed directly in the patient’s tissues in the operating room. While this technology has progressed rapidly, several improvements are needed to push it forward for widespread utility, including ink formulations and optimization for in situ context. Silk fibroin inks emerge as a viable option due to the diverse range of formulations, aqueous processability, robust and tunable mechanical properties, and self-assembly via biophysical adsorption to avoid exogenous chemical or photochemical sensitizer additives, among other features. In this review, we focus on this new frontier of 3D in situ printing for tissue regeneration, where silk is proposed as candidate biomaterial ink due to the unique and useful properties of this protein polymer.

原位3D 打印是一种新兴技术，专为满足患者特定需求而设计，可在手术室中直接在患者组织中进行。虽然这项技术发展迅速，但仍需要进行一些改进才能推动其广泛应用，包括墨水配方和原位环境优化。丝素蛋白墨水成为一种可行的选择，因为它具有多种配方、水性可加工性、稳健且可调节的机械性能，以及通过生物物理吸附进行自组装以避免外源化学或光化学敏化剂添加剂等特性。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注用于组织再生的 3D原位打印这一新领域，由于这种蛋白质聚合物独特且有用的特性，丝被提议作为候选生物材料墨水。