Microplastics are an emerging global environmental contaminant that are affecting multiple spheres. Despite their ubiquity in all spheres of life and ecology, little is known about the health effects of microplastics exposure to humans. This scoping review explores the existing evidence on the potential human health effects of microplastics and subsequent knowledge gaps. An electronic search of published articles in PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar was conducted using a combination of subject headings and keywords relating to microplastics and human health effects. The initial search resulted in 17,043 published articles and grey literature documents. After a full review of published articles and their references, 129 publications were identified for further detailed review. These articles indicate that human exposure to microplastics can occur through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact due to their presence in food, water, air, and consumer products. Microplastics exposure can cause toxicity through oxidative stress, inflammatory lesions, and increased uptake or translocation. Several studies have demonstrated the potentiality of metabolic disturbances, neurotoxicity, and increased cancer risk in humans. Moreover, microplastics have been found to release their constituent compounds as well as those that are adsorbed onto their surface. Further research is needed to quantify the effects of microplastics on human health and their pathogenesis.

微塑料是一种新兴的全球环境污染物，正在影响多个领域。尽管它们在生活和生态的所有领域中无处不在，但对于暴露于人类的微塑料对健康的影响知之甚少。这项范围界定性审查探索了关于微塑料对人类健康的潜在影响以及随后知识差距的现有证据。使用与微塑料和人类健康影响相关的主题词和关键字，对PubMed，Scopus，EMBASE，Cochrane数据库和Google Scholar中的已发表文章进行了电子搜索。最初的搜索产生了17,043篇发表的文章和灰色文献文献。在对已发表的文章及其参考文献进行全面审查之后，确定了129个出版物进行进一步的详细审查。这些文章表明，由于人类存在于食物，水，空气和消费品中，它们可能通过摄入，吸入和皮肤接触而暴露于微塑料中。暴露于微塑料中可以通过氧化应激，炎性病变和增加摄取或转运而引起毒性。几项研究证明了人类代谢障碍，神经毒性和增加癌症风险的潜力。此外，已经发现微塑料释放它们的组成化合物以及吸附到其表面上的那些。需要进一步的研究来量化微塑料对人类健康及其发病机理的影响。暴露于微塑料中可以通过氧化应激，炎性病变和增加摄取或转运而引起毒性。几项研究证明了人类代谢障碍，神经毒性和增加癌症风险的潜力。此外，已经发现微塑料释放它们的组成化合物以及吸附到其表面上的那些。需要进一步的研究来量化微塑料对人类健康及其发病机理的影响。暴露于微塑料中可以通过氧化应激，炎性病变和增加摄取或转运而引起毒性。几项研究证明了人类代谢障碍，神经毒性和增加癌症风险的潜力。此外，已经发现微塑料释放它们的组成化合物以及被吸附到其表面上的那些。需要进一步的研究来量化微塑料对人类健康及其发病机理的影响。已经发现微塑料释放其组成化合物以及吸附到其表面上的那些化合物。需要进一步的研究来量化微塑料对人类健康及其发病机理的影响。已经发现微塑料释放其组成化合物以及吸附到其表面上的那些化合物。需要进一步的研究来量化微塑料对人类健康及其发病机理的影响。