Abstract An inventory control problem of a hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing system under stochastic demand is studied. The paper proposes a successive substitution strategy between prime, budget and low budget segments of a market. Meaning a manufactured product may substitute for a remanufactured product at a discounted rate. The success of this proposal proportionally is dependent on the discount rate. Similarly, a once-remanufactured product may substitute for a twice-remanufactured product. In this proposal, a sales-dependent return is adopted to enhance returns prediction. This tactic utilizes a virtual stock of previous period sales instead of a used product stock. In such arrangements, only a fraction of customers accept keeping and returning their used product at the end of the product's lifetime. This is a push system because as soon as the company makes an order for remanufacturing, a core will be returned by a ready/potential customer and instantly will be pushed into the remanufacturing process. The system is formulated by a bi-objective Markov decision process considering profit and customer satisfaction criteria to provide optimal policy in the form of a lookup table. The heuristic policy is then characterized by utilizing five control parameters. This is a state-dependent threshold policy with a small deviation from the optimality. Then the effects of thresholds are investigated applying DOE and ANOVA. Finally, the performance of the successive substitution strategy using real data from the tire industry is examined. The results show that profitability, serviceability and core acquisition can be improved by using the proposed strategy.

中文翻译：

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考虑三个市场向下替代的双目标制造/再制造系统

摘要 研究了随机需求下混合制造/再制造系统的库存控制问题。本文提出了一个市场的主要、预算和低预算部分之间的连续替代策略。这意味着制造的产品可以以折扣价替代再制造的产品。该提案的成功成比例取决于贴现率。同样，一次再制造的产品可以替代二次再制造的产品。在此建议中，采用与销售相关的退货来增强退货预测。这种策略利用上一期销售的虚拟库存，而不是使用过的产品库存。在这种安排中，只有一小部分客户接受在产品生命周期结束时保留和退回他们使用过的产品。这是一个推送系统，因为一旦公司下达再制造订单，现成/潜在客户就会退回一个核心，并立即将其推送到再制造过程中。该系统由考虑利润和客户满意度标准的双目标马尔可夫决策过程制定，以查找表的形式提供最佳策略。然后通过使用五个控制参数来表征启发式策略。这是一个状态相关的阈值策略，与最优性的偏差很小。然后应用 DOE 和方差分析研究阈值的影响。最后，使用轮胎行业的真实数据检验了连续替代策略的性能。结果表明，盈利能力、