Characterization of stress-responsive genes is important to understand the genomics perspective of stress tolerance. In this purview, several gene-families are being identified and characterized in the model and non-model plant species, which has greatly enhanced the knowledge of molecular intricacies associated with stress tolerance. One such gene family is the GRAM-domain containing which have been found to be upregulated in response to plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) treatment followed by salinity stress. Thus, we aimed at understanding the involvement of GRAM domain-containing proteins in abiotic stress response under the influence of rhizobacteria in Arabidopsis thaliana. The study identified fourteen AtGRAM genes in A. thaliana. Further, comprehensive analyses of domain family including phylogenetic studies, domain architecture, gene structure and genomic composition analysis, promoter analysis, homology modelling, and duplication and divergence rates estimation was performed. RNA-Seq derived expression profiling of AtGRAM genes using GENVESTIGATOR in different stresses, developmental stages and hormonal treatments was performed, followed by qRT-PCR analysis under abiotic stresses in response to PGPR. Altogether, the study provided insights into the structure, organization, and evolutionary properties of AtGRAM gene family. Modulation in expression pattern in response to stresses influenced by PGPR-treatment suggests its multifaceted role in cross-talk among abiotic stresses and phytohormones. Further functional characterization of the selected candidate genes would enable understanding of the precise roles of GRAM-genes underlying stress tolerance.

胁迫响应基因的表征对于理解胁迫耐受性的基因组学观点很重要。在这个范围内，正在模型和非模型植物物种中鉴定和表征几个基因家族，这极大地增强了与胁迫耐受性相关的分子复杂性的知识。一种这样的基因家族是含有 GRAM 结构域的基因，已发现其响应于植物生长促进根际细菌 (PGPR) 处理和盐胁迫而上调。因此，我们旨在了解在拟南芥根际细菌的影响下，含 GRAM 结构域的蛋白质参与非生物胁迫反应。该研究确定了拟南芥中的14 个 AtGRAM 基因. 此外，还进行了域家族的综合分析，包括系统发育研究、域结构、基因结构和基因组组成分析、启动子分析、同源性建模以及重复和发散率估计。使用 GENVESTIGATOR 在不同胁迫、发育阶段和激素处理下对 AtGRAM 基因进行 RNA-Seq 衍生的表达谱分析，然后在响应 PGPR 的非生物胁迫下进行 qRT-PCR 分析。总之，该研究提供了对 AtGRAM 基因家族的结构、组织和进化特性的见解。响应于受 PGPR 处理影响的胁迫而调节表达模式表明其在非生物胁迫和植物激素之间的串扰中的多方面作用。